Molecular Identification
Molecular Identification - Related Videos
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Identification of OTX1 and OTX2 As Two Possible Molecular Markers for Sinonasal Carcinomas and Olfactory Neuroblastomas
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Cited by 8 •
2019
Homeobox genes are regulatory genes often associated with tumors in the adult organisms. We investigated their comparative expression by immunohistochemical and real-time PCR analysis, in normal and inflammatory nasal mucosae and in sinonasal neoplasms in order to use them as possible diagnostic and therapeutic targets.
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Rodent Identification II
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2015
Source: Kay Stewart, RVT, RLATG, CMAR; Valerie A. Schroeder, RVT, RLATG. University of Notre Dame, IN Animal records must be accurately maintained to ensure that data collection is correct. Records range from maintaining information on cage cards to having a detailed database with all of the relevant information on each animal. The primary component of recordkeeping is the individual identification of research animals. There are a variety of methods suitable for identifying mice and rats. This...
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Use of Viral Entry Assays and Molecular Docking Analysis for the Identification of Antiviral Candidates against Coxsackievirus A16
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Cited by 1 •
2019
The goal of the protocol is to illustrate the different assays relating to viral entry that can be used to identify candidate viral entry inhibitors.
09:55
Molecular Cloning
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2023
Molecular cloning is a set of methods, which are used to insert recombinant DNA into a vector - a carrier of DNA molecules that will replicate recombinant DNA fragments in host organisms. The DNA fragment, which may be a gene, can be isolated from a prokaryotic or eukaryotic specimen. Following isolation of the fragment of interest, or insert, both the vector and insert must be cut with restriction enzymes and purified. The purified pieces are joined together though a technique called...
12:02
Molecular Evolution of the Tre Recombinase
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Cited by 4 •
2008
Here we report the generation of Tre recombinase through directed, molecular evolution. Tre recombinase recognizes a pre-defined target sequence within the LTR sequences of the HIV-1 provirus, resulting in the excision and eradication of the provirus from infected human cells. While still in its infancy, directed molecular evolution will allow the creation of custom enzymes that will serve as tools of molecular surgery and molecular medicine.
FAQs
The most useful signals depend on the analytical method. Electromagnetic radiation can reveal functional groups through infrared measurements, magnetic fields provide nuclear magnetic resonance information about molecular environments and connectivity, and ionizing energy can produce mass and fragmentation data. Considering these signal types together allows analysts to examine complementary structural features rather than relying on one measurement alone.
Combining chromatography with mass spectrometry links the information from a separation-based method with measurements of molecular mass and fragmentation. This pairing helps analysts examine substances within a sample and evaluate their characteristic signals in greater detail. It is especially useful when the sample contains multiple chemical substances that must be assessed during research or analysis.
Measured signals become more meaningful when analysts compare them with reference standards or database records. Agreement in features such as molecular mass, functional groups, connectivity, or fragmentation patterns supports assignment of a substance or structure. These comparisons turn instrumental measurements into interpretable chemical evidence and help characterize unknown compounds in analytical chemistry.
Analysts interpret different structural clues together rather than treating a single signal as conclusive. Mass measurements indicate molecular mass, infrared data reveal functional groups, nuclear magnetic resonance contributes information about connectivity, and fragmentation patterns provide additional structural features. Comparing this combined evidence with standards or reference databases supports the characterization of an unknown compound.
A typical workflow begins by measuring the sample with one or more suitable techniques, such as mass spectrometry, infrared spectroscopy, or nuclear magnetic resonance. Analysts may combine these measurements with chromatography, then examine molecular mass, functional groups, connectivity, and fragmentation patterns. Finally, they compare the observed features with standards or reference databases to characterize the substance.
The approach supports reaction monitoring, purity assessment, environmental analysis, forensic science, pharmaceutical development, and research on unknown compounds. In chemistry, it can show which substances are present during a reaction or whether a preparation contains the expected material. Its broader value comes from connecting instrumental signals with molecular composition and structure across varied analytical settings.