Antigenic Landscape Analysis
Antigenic Landscape Analysis - Related Videos
13:09
Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Glycosphingolipid Antigens
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Cited by 9 •
2013
A specific and sensitive method to gain insight into the expression profile of glycosphingolipid antigens in immune organs and cells is described. The method takes advantage of the ion trap mass spectrometry allowing step-wise fragmentation of glycosphingolipid molecules for structural analysis in comparison to chemically synthesized standards.
09:25
Detection and Enrichment of Rare Antigen-specific B Cells for Analysis of Phenotype and Function
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Cited by 36 •
2017
A simple yet effective method that employs magnetic nanoparticles to detect and enrich antigen-reactive B cells for functional and phenotypic analysis is described.
06:20
An Assay for Cell Cycle Analysis of Antigen-Specific CD8+ T Cells
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2025
This video demonstrates an assay to analyze antigen-specific CD8+ T cells in different cell cycle stages. Fluorescently-labeled viable cells are selected using flow cytometry, and the cells in the different cell cycle stages are identified by their DNA content using antibodies against cell proliferation-associated nuclear protein and a nucleic acid stain.
06:57
Development of an Antigen-driven Colitis Model to Study Presentation of Antigens by Antigen Presenting Cells to T Cells
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Cited by 9 •
2016
In this antigen-driven colitis model, OT-II CD4+ T cells expressing a red fluorescent protein were adoptively transferred into RAG-/- mice that express a green fluorescent protein in mononuclear phagocytes (MPs). The hosts were challenged with Escherichia coli (E.coli) expressing the ovalbumin protein (OVA) fused to a cyan fluorescent protein (CFP).
06:32
Multiplex Immunohistochemical Analysis of the Spatial Immune Cell Landscape of the Tumor Microenvironment
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Cited by 7 •
2023
This protocol describes in detail how immune cell characterization of the tumor microenvironment using multiplex immunohistochemistry is carried out.
FAQs
Antibody recognition patterns determine the positions and relationships in an antigenic map. When a pathogen acquires genetic or structural changes, sera may respond differently to the altered variant than to another strain. These differences are expressed as antigenic distances, allowing investigators to identify clusters of variants that are similarly or differently recognized by existing antibody responses.
Sera provide the immune-response perspective needed for comparison. Samples from vaccinated or previously infected individuals can be compared against panels of antigenic variants, revealing which variants are recognized similarly and which show reduced recognition. This approach connects the analysis to existing immunity and helps explain why protection may differ among circulating or emerging strains.
A genetic or structural change matters antigenically when it alters antibody recognition. Consequently, two pathogen variants may differ genetically without producing the same change in antigenic behavior, while a particular alteration may shift recognition more substantially. Antigenic landscape analysis links these changes to immune response patterns, helping identify which variation may contribute to immune escape.
A basic workflow begins by selecting sera from vaccinated or previously infected individuals and assembling a panel of pathogen variants with relevant genetic or structural differences. Researchers compare antibody responses across the sera and variants, estimate antigenic distances from those comparisons, and visualize the relationships. The resulting landscape summarizes patterns of recognition across the tested panel.
Antigenic maps can show whether existing antibody responses recognize particular variants similarly or poorly. Researchers can use these relationships when evaluating candidate vaccine strains and considering whether an immunization strategy should be updated. The analysis therefore connects observed immune recognition with decisions about vaccine composition and the need to address antigenically distinct variants.
During surveillance, antigenic landscape analysis helps track how newly observed genetic or structural changes relate to antibody recognition. Mapping those relationships can reveal variants that are antigenically distinct from previously evaluated strains and improve understanding of emerging antigenic change. In infection research, these findings also help interpret why existing immunity may protect unevenly across variants.