Cell Surface Staining
Cell Surface Staining - Related Videos
03:12
May-Grunwald Giemsa Staining: A Method to Stain Bone Marrow Cells
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2023
This video describes the technique of staining bone marrow cells using May- Grünwald Giemsa Staining. In the protocol, we will stain the murine myeloid leukemia cells, C149 cells, to analyze the morphology and differential counting.
08:49
Cell Surface Receptor Identification Using Genome-Scale CRISPR/Cas9 Genetic Screens
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Cited by 8 •
2020
This manuscript describes a genome-scale cell-based screening approach to identify extracellular receptor-ligand interactions.
01:21
Cell-surface Signaling
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2019
Hormones—or any molecule that binds to a receptor, known as a ligand—that are lipid-insoluble (water-soluble) are not able to diffuse across the cell membrane. In order to be able to affect a cell without entering it, these hormones bind to receptors on the cell membrane. When a first messenger, a hormone, binds to a receptor, a signal cascade is set off, causing second messengers, proteins inside the cell, to become activated, resulting in downstream effects. Variety of Receptor Families
09:13
Cell-surface Biotinylation Assay
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2023
A cell can regulate the amount of particular proteins on its cell membrane through endocytosis, following which cell surface proteins are effectively sequestered in the cytoplasm. Once within a cell, these surface proteins can be either destroyed or “recycled” back to the membrane. The cell surface biotinylation assay provides researchers with a way to study these phenomena. The technique makes use of a derivative of the small molecule biotin, which can label surface proteins and then be...
02:57
Bacterial Cell Staining and Preparation for Immunological Studies
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2025
This video demonstrates the staining and preparation of bacterial cells for immunological studies using red fluorescent dye. The stained bacteria are diluted and resuspended in a growth medium to achieve the desired bacterial concentration for host cell infection, representing the multiplicity of infection.
FAQs
Preserving intact, non-permeabilized cells keeps the analysis focused on molecules exposed at the outer membrane. Labeled antibodies can bind extracellular epitopes without requiring access to the cell interior, helping researchers distinguish surface phenotype from properties that are not displayed externally. This focus is especially useful when identifying immune populations through receptors, activation markers, or differentiation markers.
Labeled antibodies recognize specific extracellular epitopes, while their attached labels provide measurable signals after binding. The signal can then be assessed by flow cytometry or fluorescence microscopy to determine which cells display the selected target. Using probes directed at different targets allows researchers to characterize cell populations according to their combined surface-marker patterns.
Infection, treatment, and environmental conditions can alter both cell composition and the molecules displayed on cell surfaces. Consequently, changes in staining patterns may reflect shifts in the relative populations present, changes in activation or differentiation markers, or altered expression of host receptors and pathogen-associated surface molecules. Comparing these patterns helps connect conditions with immune or infection-related responses.
The workflow begins with intact, non-permeabilized cells and probes selected for extracellular targets. Fluorescently tagged antibodies bind the relevant surface epitopes, after which the resulting signals are measured using flow cytometry or fluorescence microscopy. Researchers can select one or multiple probes depending on whether they need to identify a single marker or resolve several characteristics simultaneously.
This approach is useful when investigators need to distinguish immune cell subsets or evaluate activation and differentiation markers. It also supports analysis of host receptors and pathogen-associated molecules displayed at the cell surface. In infection research, comparing stained samples across conditions can show how infection or treatment changes cellular composition and surface phenotype.
Multiparameter staining examines several surface markers in the same analysis rather than relying on one signal alone. The combined pattern can separate populations that share an individual marker and provide a more detailed description of their surface phenotype. In immunology and infection studies, this supports comparisons of subsets, activation states, differentiation states, and condition-associated changes.