Direct Electrical Stimulation
Direct Electrical Stimulation - Related Videos
07:29
Programmed Electrical Stimulation in Mice
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Cited by 48 •
2010
Programmed electrical stimulation provides the ability to determine conduction properties of the heart, and the possibility to induce and terminate cardiac arrhythmias using various pacing protocols. Using a transvenous catheter, intracardiac electrogram recordings can be obtained in mice following programmed electrical stimulation protocols to identify arrhythmogenic substrates.
04:46
Changing the Direction and Orientation of Electric Field During Electric Pulses Application Improves Plasmid Gene Transfer in vitro
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Cited by 2 •
2011
Gene transfection by electroporation is improved approximately two times when orientation of electric field is changed during pulse application, while cell viability is not affected. The increase in gene transfection is caused by the increase of the membrane area which is made competent for DNA entry into the cell.
07:52
Simultaneous EEG Monitoring During Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation
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Cited by 75 •
2013
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique that has shown initial therapeutic effects in several neurological conditions. The main mechanism underlying these therapeutic effects is the modulation of cortical excitability. Therefore, online monitoring of cortical excitability would help guide stimulation parameters and optimize its therapeutic effects. In the present article we review the use of a novel device that combines simultaneous tDCS and...
09:23
High-Definition Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation During Sleep
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2025
This protocol describes high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation during sleep with simultaneous electroencephalography monitoring to investigate causal relationships between targeted brain regions and sleep as well as its related processes.
10:08
Transcranial Electrical Brain Stimulation in Alert Rodents
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Cited by 11 •
2017
This protocol describes a surgical set-up for a permanent epicranial electrode socket and an implanted chest electrode in rodents. By placing a second electrode into the socket, different types of transcranial electrical brain stimulation can be delivered to the motor system in alert animals through the intact skull.
FAQs
The outcome depends on four controllable features: intensity, polarity, timing, and location. Adjusting intensity changes how strongly the membrane potential is shifted, while polarity, timing, and placement influence whether stimulation triggers action potentials or modifies ongoing signaling. This parameter dependence lets experiments distinguish immediate activation from changes in existing neural activity.
The membrane potential determines how a neuron responds to an applied current. A sufficient change can trigger an action potential, whereas a different combination of intensity, polarity, timing, or location may alter ongoing signaling without producing the same immediate response. Monitoring these effects helps researchers relate electrical input to neural activity and behavior.
Placement determines which neural tissue receives the current and therefore which activity or circuit may be influenced. Targeting different locations can help identify functional brain regions, examine connections within neural circuits, or test how activity relates to behavior. This spatial selectivity is central to interpreting stimulation effects in neuroscience experiments.
A typical study selects a neural target, applies a controlled current, varies relevant parameters such as intensity or timing, and observes the resulting neural or behavioral response. Researchers then compare outcomes across stimulation conditions to determine whether the intervention triggered activity or modified ongoing signaling. The design must also consider targeting and safety.
Stimulation can reveal how activity in a targeted region relates to broader circuit function and behavior. By observing responses after changing the current's location, intensity, polarity, or timing, researchers can investigate functional brain regions and relationships between neural activity and behavioral outcomes. These results help connect electrical activity with circuit-level processes.
Clinical neuromodulation applications include epilepsy, movement disorders, and chronic pain. Its therapeutic value depends on delivering effects to appropriate neural tissue while limiting unwanted consequences. Ongoing research therefore focuses on improving targeting, safety, and therapeutic outcomes, linking parameter control and stimulation location to more effective treatment strategies.