Enzyme-based Microelectrode
Enzyme-based Microelectrode - Related Videos
04:34
In Vivo Real-Time Glutamate Monitoring Using an Enzyme-Coated Microelectrode Array
0 Views •
2025
In this video, a Multielectrode Array (MEA) coated with glutamate Oxidase is implanted into the brain tissue of an anesthetized mouse. Glutamate solution is injected into the extracellular space where the MEA detects the glutamate levels, enabling real-time monitoring of glutamate uptake by the astrocytes.
02:56
Ultrasound-Induced Neuromodulation Using a Microelectrode Array System
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2025
This video demonstrates the method for inducing the modulation of neural activity in cultured human iPSC-derived neurons in a multi-well microelectrode array, or MEA system using a focused ultrasound transducer.
03:39
Implanting a Wireless Bidirectional Microelectrode System in a Rat Brain
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2025
The video demonstrates a procedure for implanting a wireless bidirectional multichannel electrode unit into a rat brain to record and stimulate multichannel neural networks.
04:01
Measuring Brain Glutamate Levels Under Anesthesia in Neonatal Piglets Using a Microelectrode Array
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2025
This video demonstrates the measurement of glutamate levels in the brain of an anesthetized neonatal piglet using a microelectrode array (MEA). The procedure involves creating a craniotomy window in the pig skull and inserting the MEA into the brain region of interest. The glutamate-oxidase-coated recording sites of the MEA convert extracellular brain glutamate to hydrogen peroxide, which generates a measurable current. This current is measured and normalized against background noise to...
02:34
Enzymes
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2020
Inside living organisms, enzymes act as catalysts for many biochemical reactions involved in cellular metabolism. The role of enzymes is to reduce the activation energies of biochemical reactions by forming complexes with its substrates. The lowering of activation energies favor an increase in the rates of biochemical reactions. Enzyme deficiencies can often translate into life-threatening diseases. For example, a genetic abnormality resulting in the deficiency of the enzyme G6PD...
FAQs
The measured current results from the enzyme-catalyzed reaction occurring at the electrode surface. That reaction either produces or consumes an electroactive species, and the resulting electrical response reflects the amount of target molecule present. This coupling converts a localized chemical event into a quantitative signal, allowing researchers to follow changes in analyte concentration rather than simply detect its presence.
The immobilized enzyme provides the biochemical recognition step by catalyzing a reaction associated with a particular chemical compound. Because the electrode responds to the electroactive product or reactant generated through that reaction, the enzyme helps distinguish the target from other substances in a complex biological environment. This selectivity is especially important when several neurochemicals coexist in brain tissue.
A reaction that produces an electroactive species and one that consumes an electroactive species can generate signals through different chemical changes at the electrode surface. In both cases, the current is linked to analyte concentration, but interpretation depends on whether the target increases or decreases the measured electroactive component. Recognizing this relationship helps connect the electrical readout with the underlying neurochemical change.
Miniaturization allows the sensor to operate in small or complex biological environments and supports localized measurements within brain tissue. This spatial focus is useful when neurochemical changes occur near particular sites of neuronal activity. The small format also helps researchers examine rapid changes in neurotransmitters or metabolic substances without relying only on broad measurements across larger tissue regions.
A typical measurement places the enzyme-containing microelectrode in or near the brain tissue of interest, where the target compound reaches the electrode surface. The enzyme-catalyzed reaction then generates or consumes an electroactive species, and the resulting current is recorded. Researchers relate that current to analyte concentration to monitor localized neurochemical changes during an experiment.
Applications described for neuroscience include monitoring neurotransmitters and metabolic substances such as glutamate, glucose, and lactate. These targets connect electrical measurements with both neuronal signaling and tissue metabolism. The selected enzyme reaction determines which compound can be followed, allowing investigators to focus on chemical changes associated with neural activity, metabolic state, disease, or experimental treatment.
Localized recordings can show rapid neurochemical changes associated with neuronal signaling and metabolism. They can also help researchers examine chemical responses linked to disease or to experimental treatments. Because the measurements occur in brain tissue and reflect analyte concentration, the resulting data provide a way to relate local chemical dynamics to changing physiological or experimental conditions.