Pneumatic Atomizer
Pneumatic Atomizer - Related Videos
01:52
Atomic Mass
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2020
Atoms — and the protons, neutrons, and electrons that compose them — are extremely small. For example, a carbon atom weighs less than 2 × 10−23 g. When describing the properties of tiny objects such as atoms, we use appropriately small units of measure, such as the atomic mass unit (amu). The amu was originally defined based on hydrogen, the lightest element, then later in terms of oxygen. Since 1961, it has been defined with regard to the most abundant isotope of carbon, atoms of which are...
02:44
Atomic Orbitals
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2020
An atomic orbital represents the three-dimensional regions in an atom where an electron has the highest probability to reside. The radial distribution function indicates the total probability of finding an electron within the thin shell at a distance r from the nucleus. The atomic orbitals have distinct shapes which are determined by l, the angular momentum quantum number. The orbitals are often drawn with a boundary surface, enclosing densest regions of the cloud. The angular momentum...
10:01
The Visual Colorimetric Detection of Multi-nucleotide Polymorphisms on a Pneumatic Droplet Manipulation Platform
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Cited by 2 •
2016
This work presents a simple and visual method to detect multi-nucleotide polymorphisms on a pneumatic droplet manipulation platform. With the proposed method, the entire experiment, including droplet manipulation and detection of multi-nucleotide polymorphisms, can be performed near 23 °C without the aid of advanced instruments.
03:24
Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals I
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2020
The mathematical expression known as the wave function, ψ, contains information about each orbital and the wavelike properties of electrons in an isolated atom. When atoms are bound together in a molecule, the wave functions combine to produce new mathematical descriptions that have different shapes. This process of combining the wave functions for atomic orbitals is called hybridization and is mathematically accomplished by the linear combination of atomic orbitals. The new orbitals that...
03:21
The Energies of Atomic Orbitals
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2020
In an atom, the negatively charged electrons are attracted to the positively charged nucleus. In a multielectron atom, electron-electron repulsions are also observed. The attractive and repulsive forces are dependent on the distance between the particles, as well as the sign and magnitude of the charges on the individual particles. When the charges on the particles are opposite, they attract each other. If both particles have the same charge, they repel each other. As the magnitude of the...
FAQs
Compressed-gas pressure, liquid flow rate, and nozzle design jointly determine the resulting droplet size. Changing these conditions alters how strongly the gas shears the liquid stream and how the stream is disrupted at the nozzle. Because droplet size affects aerosol characteristics, controlling these variables allows investigators to tune delivery rather than produce an uncontrolled spray.
The key breakup event occurs where the moving gas passes across the liquid stream. This creates shear, meaning a force that destabilizes the liquid and divides it into droplets. The propellant therefore does more than transport the liquid: its interaction with the stream drives atomization. Nozzle geometry shapes that interaction and contributes to the final aerosol.
Fine aerosol formation matters because the device is intended to deliver substances in a controlled way to a surface or into air. In neuroscience experiments, this control is relevant to intranasal administration, where researchers need a consistent way to present drugs, peptides, or experimental agents. Droplet characteristics connect device settings with the intended delivery context.
Operation starts with a liquid substance and a supply of compressed air or another propellant. The gas is directed across the liquid stream at the nozzle, where shear breaks the stream into droplets and produces the aerosol. Researchers can vary gas pressure, liquid flow rate, or nozzle design to alter droplet size and investigate different delivery conditions.
Intranasal use positions the atomizer within studies of nose-to-brain delivery. This application helps researchers examine how administered substances may relate to olfactory and trigeminal pathways, the route categories identified in the provided context. The device therefore serves not only as a delivery tool but also as part of experiments on substance administration and brain-related pathways.
Researchers may apply the approach when testing drugs, peptides, or other experimental agents in investigations of neurological disorders. Its value lies in pairing a controllable aerosol-generation step with a neuroscience question about administration and brain-related pathways. Experiments can therefore examine how intranasal delivery supports studies of potential treatments without limiting the work to one specific substance.