来源:Madeline Lassche,MSNEd,RN 和 Katie Baraki,MSN,RN,犹他大学护理学院,犹他州
静脉推注(IV)是指通过先前插入的静脉导管,将少量药物快速注入患者静脉内的给药方式。用于静脉推注的药物通常以小瓶或安瓿瓶形式提供,需抽取至注射器中使用。当需要药物快速起效,…
1. 药物给药的一般注意事项(在病房内与患者一同回顾)。
2. 在药物准备区(可在受控的房间内或护士站的受控区域内),从药物分发装置中获取药物,并完成首次安全核查,严格遵守十项 "权利" 给药方法。请参阅题为 "从药品分发设备取药的安全检查" 详细回顾这些步骤。
3. 接下来,根据最佳实践和操作规程配制静脉推注药物。
4. 在药物准备区本身,使用十项安全核对步骤完成第二次安全检查 "权利" 给药方式
5. 准备所需的物品,包括酒精消毒片、非无菌手套以及两包0.9%氯化钠5或10 mL注射器冲洗液。将这些物品带至患者病房。
给药
6. 首次进入患者病房时,将药物放置在台面上,并按照步骤1.1所述洗手。
7. 执行第三次也是最后一次安全核查,遵守十项"正确原则"。
8. 为患者准备静脉推注药物。
9. 冲洗外周静脉留置管。
10. 给予静脉推注药物。
11. 按照上述方法(步骤 9)给予用药后的 0.9% 生理盐水冲管。
务必以与给药相同的速率(相同体积的生理盐水在相同时间内)给予用药后的0.9%生理盐水冲管。如果生理盐水冲管的速率快于给药速率,可能会产生不良反应,因为此时药物仍残留在管路中,并将以更快的速率进入血液。
12. 在电子用药记录(MAR)中记录药物给药情况。
13. 离开患者的房间。离开房间后,按照步骤 1.1 中所述方法洗手。
1. 药物给药的一般注意事项(在病房内与患者一同回顾)。
2. 在药物准备区(可在受控的房间内或护士站的受控区域内),从药物分发装置中获取药物,并完成首次安全核查,严格遵守十项 "权利" 给药方法。请参阅题为 "从药品分发设备取药的安全检查" 详细回顾这些步骤。
3. 接下来,根据最佳实践和操作规程配制静脉推注药物。
4. 在药物准备区本身,使用十项安全核对步骤完成第二次安全检查 "权利" 给药方式
5. 准备所需的物品,包括酒精消毒片、非无菌手套以及两包0.9%氯化钠5或10 mL注射器冲洗液。将这些物品带至患者病房。
给药
6. 首次进入患者病房时,将药物放置在台面上,并按照步骤1.1所述洗手。
7. 执行第三次也是最后一次安全核查,遵守十项"正确原则"。
8. 为患者准备静脉推注药物。
9. 冲洗外周静脉留置管。
10. 给予静脉推注药物。
11. 按照上述方法(步骤 9)给予用药后的 0.9% 生理盐水冲管。
务必以与给药相同的速率(相同体积的生理盐水在相同时间内)给予用药后的0.9%生理盐水冲管。如果生理盐水冲管的速率快于给药速率,可能会产生不良反应,因为此时药物仍残留在管路中,并将以更快的速率进入血液。
12. 在电子用药记录(MAR)中记录药物给药情况。
13. 离开患者的房间。离开房间后,按照步骤 1.1 中所述方法洗手。
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Q1: What is an IV push and when is it used in patient care?
An IV push is the rapid administration of a small volume of medication into a patient's vein through a previously inserted IV catheter. This method is used when a rapid medication response is required or when oral administration is not possible. Medications commonly administered via IV push include those used to treat moderate or severe pain, allowing nurses to deliver urgent therapeutic interventions quickly.
Q2: Why is confirming IV catheter placement critical before administering an IV push?
Confirming correct IV catheter placement is essential because IV push medications can cause irritation and damage to blood vessel linings and surrounding tissues if administered outside the vein. Since these medications act quickly and errors can be especially dangerous, proper placement verification prevents serious complications and ensures safe drug delivery directly into the bloodstream.
Q3: What safety protocols must nurses follow when preparing IV push medications?
Nurses must adhere to the ten rights and three checks of safe medication administration, understanding the medication's purpose and potential adverse effects. They should determine the appropriate dose based on medication concentration, verify compatibility with other IV fluids if present, and understand the proper IV push administration rate. Close patient monitoring after administration is imperative due to the rapid action of these medications.
Q4: How do nurses determine the correct IV push medication dose?
The nurse calculates the appropriate medication dose based on the medication concentration listed in the container. This requires understanding the relationship between the total amount of drug available and the volume of solution, then determining how much volume contains the prescribed dose. Accurate dose calculation prevents medication errors and ensures therapeutic effectiveness.
Q5: What forms do IV push medications typically come in for preparation?
IV push medications are commonly provided in vials or ampules for withdrawal into a syringe. These containers hold concentrated medication solutions that nurses extract using sterile technique before administration. The choice between vials and ampules depends on the specific medication formulation and institutional protocols.
Q6: Why is medication compatibility assessment necessary before IV push administration?
If patients receive other IV medications, nurses must ensure the IV push medication is compatible with existing fluids in the IV line to prevent adverse chemical reactions or precipitation. Incompatible medications can reduce drug effectiveness, cause tissue damage, or create dangerous compounds. Compatibility verification is a critical safety step before administration.
Q7: What monitoring is required after administering an IV push medication?
Patients require close monitoring after IV push administration because these medications act quickly and any adverse effects develop rapidly. Nurses must observe for therapeutic responses, adverse reactions, and complications related to the specific medication. Continuous assessment ensures early detection of problems and appropriate intervention if needed.