Name: 这在朱庇特11月 (视频) | JoVE Journal
Uploaded: 2011-11-01T00:00:00.000+00:00
Duration: 5 min 51 s
Description: 了解神经科学与生物学领域的可视化实验方法，探索神经元行为新见解与实验技术创新。本研究总结近期关键发现，强调可视化实验对理解复杂生物过程的重要价值。

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5 minutes

<h2 class="jove_title"><a href="https://www.jove.com/video/3505/">测量心肌细胞中的快速钙通量</a></h2>
Urszula Golebiewska1， Suzanne Scarlata2 1生物科学与地质学系，昆斯伯勒社区学院，2生理学与生物物理学系，石溪大学
我们提出了一种使用激光扫描共聚焦显微镜从活细胞中较慢通量中分离快速（微秒）钙事件的方法。 该方法通过记录细胞中数百个像素的线扫描来测量钙指示剂的荧光强度波动。 直方图分析使我们能够隔离不同钙通量的时间尺度。
<h2 class="jove_title"><a href="https://www.jove.com/video/3373/">类肽聚合物的固相亚单体合成及其自组装成高度有序的纳米片 </a></h2>
Helen Tran， Sarah L. 盖尔，Michael D. Connolly，Ronald N. Zuckermann Molecular Foundry，劳伦斯伯克利国家实验室
概述了一种涉及基本设备和市售试剂的简单通用手动类肽合成方法，使类肽能够在大多数实验室中轻松合成。描述了两亲性类肽 36 聚体的合成、纯化和表征，以及其自组装成高度有序的纳米片。
<h2 class="jove_title"><a href="https://www.jove.com/video/3258/">非人类灵长类动物手部灵巧性的行为评估</a></h2>
Eric Schmidlin*， Mélanie Kaeser*， Anne- Dominique Gindrat， Julie Savidan， Pauline Chatagny， Simon Badoud， Adjia Hamadjida， Marie-Laure Beaud， Thierry Wannier，Abderraouf Belhaj-Saif，Eric M. 弗里堡 大学 Rouiller 医学系* 这些作者的贡献相同
由于手部灵活性主要是灵长类动物的特权，因此猕猴的行为任务已经发展起来。四个伸手和抓住抓握任务，测量手作能力和力量，允许在中枢神经系统损伤后建立功能恢复并测试治疗效果。
<h2 class="jove_title"><a href="https://www.jove.com/video/3588/">测定临床抗体样品的吞噬活性</a></h2>
Elizabeth G. McAndrew1， Anne-Sophie Dugast1， Anna F. Licht1， 贾斯汀 R. Eusebio1， Galit Alter1， Margaret E. 阿克曼2 1马萨诸塞州总医院，麻省总医院、麻省理工学院和哈佛大学拉贡研究所，2塞耶工程学院，达特茅斯学院
我们提出了一种高通量流式细胞术测定法，用于确定临床样本中抗原特异性抗体的吞噬活性，利用荧光抗原包被的珠子和表达多种 Fc 受体的单核细胞系，以标准化和可重复的方式为任何感兴趣的抗原提供受体使用和吞噬活性测定。
<h2 class="jove_title"><a href="https://www.jove.com/video/3187/">表达 GFP-肌动蛋白的活内皮细胞中肌动蛋白细胞骨架的研究</a></h2>
Travis M. Doggett，Jerome W. 路易斯安那州立大学健康科学中心 Breslin 生理学系表达 GFP-肌动蛋白的活内皮细胞的显微成像可以表征细胞骨架结构的动态变化。与使用固定标本的技术不同，该方法详细评估了在各种物理、药物或炎症刺激之前、期间和之后同一细胞中肌动蛋白细胞骨架的时间变化。
<h2 class="jove_title"><a href="https://www.jove.com/video/3260/">植入无线电遥测发射器，产生自由移动的实验室小鼠的心电图、心率、核心体温和活动数据</a></h2>
Nikola Cesarovic1， Paulin Jirkof2， Andreas Rettich2， Margarete Arras1 1苏黎世大学医院外科研究部， 2苏黎世大学实验动物科学研究所
显示了一种植入市售遥测发射器的手术技术，用于连续测量自由移动小鼠的生物电势（单导联心电图）、心率、核心体温和运动活动。还提出了术后护理和缓解疼痛、提高恢复、健康和生存率的建议和方案。
<h2 class="jove_title"><a href="https://www.jove.com/video/3381">颅面间充质的电穿孔</a></h2>
杰奎琳 M. Tabler，Karen J. Liu 伦敦国王学院颅面发育系
颅面软骨在与其他组织密切接触时发育，在活体动物中难以作。我们正在使用电穿孔在颅面骨骼生长过程中递送分子工具，同时绕过早期胚胎效应。这种方法将使我们能够在体内有效地测试候选分子。
<h2 class="jove_title"><a href="https://www.jove.com/video/3379">切片嗅球中成年神经元的电生理记录和光遗传学刺激</a></h2>
Matthew Valley， Sebastian Wagner， Benjamin W. Gallarda， Pierre-Marie Lledo Laboratory， Institut Pasteur and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique （CNRS）
表达 ChR2 的成年出生神经元可以在切片电生理制剂中进行作，以检查它们对嗅觉神经回路功能的贡献。

november 2011: this month in jove

November 2011: This Month in JoVE

The November issue of the Journal of Visualized Experiments begins with a series of behavioral experiments for measuring prehension ability in primates. Investigators from the University of Fribourg demonstrate four grasping and reaching tasks, which all follow common steps for comfortably restraining the animal and correctly positioning its head. The Brinkman Board test is used to assess reaching for static objects, while the Rotating Brinkman Board presents a condition where animals need to anticipate object position. The Brinkman Box test allows dexterity to be investigated under conditions where the monkey has fewer degrees of freedom to perform grasping task and cannot use vision to guide movement. While the brinkman board and box tests solely rely on analysis of video obtained during experiments, in order to generate data, the drawer reaching task apparatus has detectors that monitor grip and load forces as well as drawer position, making this test appropriate for measuring strength as well as prehension ability. In combination, these four tests provide a powerful approach to assess motor control in the distal forelimb, and the Fribourg group presents data from both lesion studies and experiments aimed to test potential therapies for spinal cord injury. In Clinical and Translational Medicine, collaborators from the Division of Surgical Research at the University Hospital Zurich and the Institute of Laboratory Animal Science at the University of Zurich, work together to implant a radiotelemetry device in mice, which can be used to take physiological measurements in freely moving animals. The devices consist of two leads, which are capable of measuring biopotential activity (ECG, EEG, or EMG) as well as temperature, and a lightweight radio transmitter (1-200 Hz in bandwidth) that can be implanted in the abdominal cavity. The stress of animal handling as well as anesthesia are known confounding elements, which impact physiological measurements, so radiotelemetry devices are a convenient way to acquire physiological data from animals in an unperturbed, natural state, as well as take measurements of multiple animals, simultaneously. JoVE also adds to its host of electroporation protocols with a method for introducing macromoledules into the craniofacial mesenchyme of developing Xenopus laevis tadpoles, from the Liu Lab at King's College London. Xenopus tadpoles are transferred to an electroporation chamber, where they can be injected with nucleic acid, and then subjected to electroporation, which will deliver expression vectors or morpholinos into the developing craniofacial tissue. Gene delivery into differentiated cartilage is inherently problematic, and the Liu lab shows that, through elecroporation, morpholinos can be introduced into procartilaginous and cartilaginous tissues of the Xenopus tadpole throughout a range of developmental stages. In Bioengineering, the Zuckerman group from the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory illustrates their method for synthesizing peptoids, a class of biologically-active organic molecules that resemble peptides, but have their side chains attached to the nitrogen of the peptide bond, rather than the alpha carbon, which makes them resistant to proteolysis. The Zuckerman group demonstrates submonomer synthesis, where peptide monomers are added sequentially in bromoacetylation and bromide displacement reactions, allowing peptoid chain length and composition to be precisely controlled. Furthermore, the fact that synthesis is done on amide resin, and is hence, solid phase synthesis, greatly simplifies purification of the synthesized peptoids. These authors also show how the newly-synthesized peptoids can be induced to self-assemble into highly-ordered structures, termed nanosheets, which can be visualized by fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy. These nanosheets could serve as a potential platform for protein and membrane mimetics. Later in the month, JoVE features an assay for measuring phagocytic activity in cells exposed to clinical antibody samples for our Immunology and Infection section. Collaborators from Massachusetts General Hospital and Dartmouth College show that THP-1 cells will engulf antibody-bound antigen coated beads in timelapse video microscopy and present a plate-based flow cytometry method for quantifying the extent of phagocytosis. Our authors use this method to determine the ability of different antibody samples to induce phagocytosis, such as those from HIV patients both treated and untreated with anti-retroviral therapies. This summary of JoVE's content in November provides a brief overview of JoVE's highlights for the month. Other noteworthy articles include methods for live imaging of cytoskeletal dynamics in endothelial cells, measuring calcium flux in cardiomyocytes, and slice electrophysiology of adult born neurons in the olfactory bulb.

Here are some highlights from the November 2011 Issue of Journal of Visualized Experiments (JoVE).

The November issue of the Journal of Visualized Experiments begins with a series of behavioral experiments for measuring prehension ability in primates. ...

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这在朱庇特11月

了解神经科学与生物学领域的可视化实验方法，探索神经元行为新见解与实验技术创新。本研究总结近期关键发现，强调可视化实验对理解复杂生物过程的重要价值。

这在朱庇特11月 (视频) | JoVE Journal

Aaron Kolski-Andreaco

November 2011: This Month in JoVE

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