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JoVE Journal
Medicine
豚鼠耳蜗植入术
豚鼠耳蜗植入术
JoVE Journal
Medicine
This content is Free Access.
JoVE Journal Medicine
Cochlear Implantation in the Guinea Pig

豚鼠耳蜗植入术

Full Text
11,887 Views
09:56 min
June 15, 2018

DOI: 10.3791/56829-v

Clemens Honeder*1, Navid Ahmadi*1, Anne-Margarethe Kramer2, Chengjing Zhu1, Nodir Saidov1, Christoph Arnoldner1

1Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery,Medical University of Vienna, 2Department of Biomedical Research,Medical University of Vienna

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Please note that some of the translations on this page are AI generated. Click here for the English version.

Overview

This protocol outlines a surgical procedure to create a reliable animal model of cochlear implantation using guinea pigs. It aims to facilitate research on pharmaceutical interventions and electrode performance in preserving hearing thresholds.

Key Study Components

Area of Science

  • Neuroscience
  • Otolaryngology
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background

  • Cochlear implants are critical for restoring hearing in individuals with hearing loss.
  • Animal models are essential for testing new interventions and devices.
  • Guinea pigs provide a suitable model due to their anatomical similarities to humans.
  • Understanding electrode performance is vital for improving cochlear implant technology.

Purpose of Study

  • To establish a guinea pig model for cochlear implantation.
  • To evaluate the effects of pharmaceutical interventions on hearing preservation.
  • To assess the performance of newly developed electrodes.

Methods Used

  • Preparation of surgical tools and sterilization of materials.
  • Administration of anesthesia and preparation of the guinea pig.
  • Execution of the cochlear implantation procedure.
  • Monitoring of physiological parameters throughout the surgery.

Main Results

  • Successful implantation of electrodes in the cochlea.
  • Establishment of a stable model for future research.
  • Baseline measurements of electrode performance recorded.
  • Potential for further studies on hearing preservation techniques.

Conclusions

  • The guinea pig model is effective for cochlear implantation studies.
  • This method allows for the exploration of new therapeutic approaches.
  • Future research can build on this model to enhance cochlear implant technology.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the main goal of this protocol?
The main goal is to provide a reliable animal model for cochlear implantation research.
Why use guinea pigs for cochlear implantation studies?
Guinea pigs have a similar inner ear structure to humans, making them ideal for such studies.
What are the key components needed for the surgery?
Essential components include a surgical microscope, drill, heating plate, and pulse oximeter.
How is anesthesia administered to the guinea pig?
Anesthesia is administered using a specific anesthetic cocktail as outlined in the protocol.
What are the expected outcomes of the implantation?
The expected outcomes include successful electrode placement and baseline measurements for further research.
How can this model contribute to future research?
This model allows researchers to test new interventions and improve cochlear implant technology.

该协议的目的是提供一个动物模型的人工耳蜗植入, 这可以用来解决众多的研究问题。潜在的应用包括评估药物干预或电刺激对听力阈值或电极阻抗的有益影响。

该外科手术的总体目标是提供一种可靠且多功能的使用豚鼠植入人工耳蜗的动物模型。这种方法可以帮助回答人工耳蜗植入领域的关键问题,例如药物干预或新开发的电极是否对残余听力保留或电极阻抗产生有益影响。豚鼠的主要优点是可以快速进入相对较大的内耳,从而获得安全、可靠和多功能的人工耳蜗植入动物模型。

对于此程序,重要的是在实验者周围放置手术显微镜、钻头、加热板和脉搏血氧仪,以便在手术过程中轻松作。将加热垫设置为 38 摄氏度。遵循无菌技术。

戴上帽子、口罩和手套。然后布置用于人工耳蜗植入的消毒手术工具。接下来,准备一根 3.5 厘米长的特氟龙绝缘金线,小心地从一端去除 3 毫米的绝缘层,从另一端去除 5 毫米的绝缘层。

接下来,剪下第二根 2.5 厘米长的金线,并从两端去除 5 毫米的绝缘层。然后用酒精对两根电线进行消毒。接下来,按照文本协议中的指示使用麻醉鸡尾酒麻醉豚鼠。

然后剃光它的头,把它俯卧在加热板上。接下来,用小喉镜小心地打开豚鼠的嘴,然后用抽吸清除口腔中的所有食物残渣。然后小心地将胃管插入食道,慢慢推向胃部,直到感觉到阻力。

检查血氧饱和度水平,确保导管不在气管中。接下来,使用 5 号针头将生理盐水、5% 葡萄糖和恩诺沙星的混合物注射到颈部的脂肪垫中。使用聚维酮碘和 70% 乙醇的交替磨砂膏准备手术区域,然后覆盖动物。

对于镇痛药,利多卡因也根据需要给动物重新注射麻醉剂。使用手术刀在耳廓后方 3 到 5 毫米处做一个 2 到 3 厘米的皮肤切口开始手术。为了处理出血,请使用双极烧灼术。

然后触诊听觉大疱的突出部分,并使用 15 号手术刀或手术剪刀小心地切割耳后区域的肌肉。要从大疱中解剖肌肉,轻轻地将肌肉推到一边,并使用牵开器露出切口的整个长度,以便畅通无阻地进入大疱。现在使用 15 号手术刀的尖端在大疱上打一个孔。

当骨头穿孔时,根据需要扩大孔以检查中耳结构。将动物置于弯曲位置并检查开口。耳蜗的基底转动和圆窗壁龛必须可见。

当

动物处于屈折位置时,请留意动物的氧气水平。要继续,请重新定位动物俯卧位置并使用矩形切口露出顶点。接下来,去除切除皮肤,解剖骨膜并使用手术刀清洁骨膜。

接下来,在 3.5 厘米电线的 3 毫米外露端做一个小钩子。然后将金线的另一端皮下引导至顶点。使用微型镊子通过 18 号外周静脉导管。

使用第二对微型镊子,小心地将电线的钩端放在中耳中。然后弯曲动物的头部,通过大疱造口术观察圆窗壁龛的区域,并使用微型镊子将金线钩在骨突起处。现在,在保持金线上的温和张力的同时,使用 10 至 15 微升从 27 号针头输送的氰基丙烯酸酯将其固定在大疱造口术的颅骨边缘。

现在可以从金线获取基线测量值。接下来,要安装电极,请将动物置于俯卧位。并使用 1 毫米的毛刺钻头,在 lambda 缝合线前方 1 毫米处打两个孔。

不要损坏硬脑膜。然后将螺钉植入孔中以套接电极连接器。现在使用 18 号外周静脉导管将电极从连接器引导到尽可能靠近颅骨的组织层中的大疱。

然后用刮刀将 0.5 至 0.7 毫升半流质牙科水泥塞在螺钉之间,并将电极连接器定位在螺钉之间。在牙科粘接剂硬化时保持连接器稳定到位。将动物侧向重新定位后,小心地在距圆窗 1 毫米处钻孔耳蜗造口术。

使用 0.5 毫米金刚石毛刺以 5000 rpm 的速度钻孔。接下来,小心地将电极插入鼓膜 4 毫米处。然后拔出电极并重复插入。

然后应用氰基丙烯酸酯以固定电极。稳定的植入将提供更多的听力阈值偏移。因此,重要的是要稳定用于将电极插入工作台的臂,以尽量减少不必要的抽搐运动的可能性。

然后用约 0.3 毫升牙科粘固剂闭合大疱造口术。并且需要避免将牙科水泥移位到大疱中。接下来,使用 5-0 可吸收缝合线闭合耳后切口。

然后将动物转为俯卧位。接下来,使用镊子在顶点处抓住矩形切口的后边缘。并用剪刀在动物的脖子上挖出一个两厘米的皮下隧道。

通过隧道,使用镊子植入 2.5 厘米的金线。将裸露导线较少的一端定位在连接器的指定引脚上,然后焊接连接。接下来,将圆窗壁龛电极焊接到连接器的相应引脚。

焊料完成后,涂抹更多的牙科粘接剂以完全覆盖绝缘引脚和电极。这样就完成了植入。所呈现动物的术前和术后频率特异性 CAP 阈值在低频中几乎没有变化。

而在高频区域,从 8 kHz 开始实现了大约 25 到 30 分贝的阈值偏移。异物对植入电极的反应可能会有很大差异。可能没有可见的反应,或者鼓膜大面积可能充满纤维化组织。

在 CI 电极插入过程中,甚至有可能使骨螺旋板断裂。在这种情况下,骨折导致螺旋神经节细胞的损失、前庭管纤维化和成骨以及 Corti 器官的丧失。这种骨折可以解释某些动物高于预期的阈值变化。

一旦掌握,如果执行得当,这项技术可以在两个半小时内完成。如果进行术中听力测量,整个手术所需的时间可能会大大增加。看完这个视频,你应该对如何在豚鼠身上进行人工耳蜗植入有很好的了解。

使用这种动物模型,您可以解决该领域的各种研究问题。

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