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JoVE Journal
Biology
DNA双链断裂时转录活性的活细胞成像
DNA双链断裂时转录活性的活细胞成像
JoVE Journal
Biology
This content is Free Access.
JoVE Journal Biology
Live-Cell Imaging of Transcriptional Activity at DNA Double-Strand Breaks

DNA双链断裂时转录活性的活细胞成像

Full Text
3,104 Views
09:07 min
September 20, 2021

DOI: 10.3791/62968-v

Madalena R. de Almeida1, Eduardo Gameiro1, Sérgio F. de Almeida1, Robert M. Martin1

1Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes,Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa

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Please note that some of the translations on this page are AI generated. Click here for the English version.

Overview

This protocol introduces a reporter gene system designed to detect transcription occurring at DNA double-strand breaks with single-molecule sensitivity. It provides insights into how DNA damage influences ongoing transcription processes in live cells.

Key Study Components

Research Area

  • Cell biology
  • Molecular biology

Background

  • Understanding the interplay between transcription and DNA damage responses is crucial for elucidating cellular processes.
  • Traditional methods may not capture transcription events at the single-molecule level.

Methods Used

  • Utilization of fluorescence microscopy to observe individual RNA transcripts in live cells.
  • Experiments conducted in human cell lines, specifically observing the effects of doxycycline on transcription.
  • Calibration and advanced imaging techniques including 3D timelapse microscopy.

Main Results

  • The technique enables the observation of transcription events with temporal resolution down to seconds.
  • It reveals the dynamics of transcription in response to DNA double-strand breaks.
  • The results demonstrate a direct correlation between DNA lesions and transcriptional activity.

Conclusions

  • The study showcases a novel method for assessing transcriptional responses to DNA damage.
  • It contributes to a deeper understanding of the cellular response mechanisms to genetic stress.

Frequently Asked Questions

What are DNA double-strand breaks?
DNA double-strand breaks are severe forms of DNA damage that can lead to genomic instability if not properly repaired.
How does the new reporter gene system work?
It utilizes fluorescently-labeled RNA transcripts to visualize transcription events at the site of DNA damage.
What is the significance of observing transcription in live cells?
Observing transcription in live cells allows researchers to understand dynamic biological processes in their natural environment.
How long can transcription events be monitored using this protocol?
Transcription events can be monitored over a total period of one hour or more.
What type of microscopy is used in this protocol?
The protocol employs fluorescence microscopy, specifically confocal microscopy for enhanced imaging.
Does this study have applications beyond basic research?
Yes, understanding transcriptional responses to DNA damage can have implications in cancer research and therapy.

该协议提出了一种新的报告基因系统和实验设置,以检测具有单分子灵敏度的DNA双链断裂处的转录。

该协议允许观察和检测转录事件,并提供有关DNA双链断裂对基因持续转录的影响的见解。该技术的主要优点是在一小时或更长时间的总时间段内以秒为的时间间隔观察单个细胞中单独标记的RNA转录本。该方法提供了对DNA损伤反应的洞察,以研究转录和细胞过程之间的串扰,例如DNA复制和DNA病变。

我们的建议是使用多西环素观察细胞并进行校准测量,以训练转录位点和标记RNA分子的检测。在1.5毫升微量离心管中,在转染辅助试剂中制备含有150微升还原血清MEM血浆DNA和每微升DNA2.5微克的溶液A。同时,在基于脂质的转染试剂中制备含有150微升降血清MEM和每微升DNA1.5微克的溶液B。

将两种溶液在室温下孵育五分钟,然后将溶液A轻轻加入溶液B中,并在室温下孵育20分钟。为了转染细胞,将300微升混合溶液A和B滴加到每个培养皿中并轻轻分布。将玻璃底培养皿储存在100毫米标准细胞培养皿中,并在37摄氏度下在含有5%二氧化碳的加湿气氛中孵育。

准备1.5毫升微量离心管,其中200微升DMEM与HEPES无酚红,并补充10%木炭剥离的胎牛血清,然后加入TA。在开始显微镜观察前约一小时,通过将多西环素加入生长培养基来诱导报告基因的转录,并通过用200微升微量移液器上下移液来轻轻混合。在开始观察之前,将细胞转运到显微镜至少30分钟,并将100毫米培养皿与细胞一起放入预热的大型显微镜孵育室中。将装有预稀释TA的微量离心管置于大型显微镜环境室中,将其加热至37摄氏度。

将玻璃底盘的盖子更换为具有钻孔的三毫米直径孔的盖子。在显微镜控制面板中选择100X油浸物镜,并在物镜上滴一滴浸油。将玻璃底培养皿与细胞一起放在显微镜载物台孵育室内并将其锁定到位,然后关闭载物台培养箱的盖子和显微镜外壳的所有门。

启动显微镜操作和控制软件,打开焦点控制窗口,然后单击示波器窗格。在发射选择窗格中,单击 100% 眼框以设置眼光束路径,以便用眼睛直接观察样品。在滤镜设置菜单中,切换到眼图滤镜集并点按"明场",然后按下打开的"明场"按钮。

将显微镜物镜朝向玻璃底盘移动,直到油接触到玻璃。透过目镜查看并手动聚焦在细胞的平面上,然后关闭打开的"明场"按钮。在开始实验观察之前,将细胞放置30分钟,以使其适应环境条件并防止成像过程中由于温度梯度引起的焦点漂移。

在室温下设置200微升微量移液器和200微升滤嘴。在显微镜控制软件的对焦控制窗口中,将激光强度设置为5%,并输入曝光时间为50毫秒。打开捕获窗口以调整设置以执行三维延时摄影的自动图像采集。

选择 3D 捕获采集类型,并设置 12 到 16 个相隔 0.4 微米的光学切片。勾选当前范围的复选框,并在捕获后返回到当前位置。在延时摄影捕获窗格中,输入值 120 表示时间点数,输入 30 秒作为间隔。

根据文本手稿中提到的横切荧光蛋白标签选择共聚焦滤光片组,并将每个通道的曝光时间设置为50毫秒。使用激光功率的设置电流以使用在对焦窗口中选择的5%的值。在对焦控制窗口中,转到相机窗格,选择比例图像显示控件,然后选择手动按钮以设置要显示的固定图像强度范围。

选择细胞在诱导DNA双链断裂时对转录位点进行3D延时成像。筛选单元格并根据文本讨论中描述的条件选择三个视场。将先前位于视野中心的每个选定细胞聚焦,转录位点位于Z-stack的中间平面。

通过单击设定点,在焦点控制窗口的 XY 平面上标记每个 XYZ 位置。将200微升预稀释的TA添加到细胞中,并通过单击捕获窗口中的开始开始开始3D时间序列成像。将成像数据保存在显微镜控制软件中,数据格式在显微镜控制计算机硬盘上。

在开始显微镜图像采集前一小时向细胞的生长培养基中加入每毫升多西环素0.5微克。将玻璃底皿安装在显微镜载物台孵育室内,并如前所述准备图像采集。使用与以前相同的激光强度和曝光设置。

设置 2D 时间序列的捕获设置,并在延时捕捉面板中以 500 毫秒的间隔设置 120 个时间点。从多个位置获取数十个校准时间序列,以便生成数据集以计数数百个单转录TFI测量值。使用该协议,可以获得一个图表,显示荧光标记的报告基因转录本的数量随时间变化,在长达数小时的时间内,时间分辨率为几秒钟。

这里显示了由新生转录物上用绿色荧光蛋白分子标记的MS2涂层蛋白积累标记的PROM报告基因转录位点的TFI值的时间过程。在报告基因中诱导单个DSB使得研究其对正在进行的报告基因转录的影响以及监测从DSB位点出现的转录事件(即断裂诱导转录)成为可能。DSB 的 TA 添加和诱导导致 PROM 报告基因转录在大约 11 分钟后被抑制,直到 60 分钟才恢复。

PP7-RFP信号的完全恢复显示中断诱导的转录启动。EXON 2反义报告基因显示启动子驱动的转录终止,然后被反义断裂诱导的转录所取代,这由标有红色荧光蛋白的MS2涂层蛋白的积累揭示,与反义MS2茎环序列生成的RNA结合。选择用于成像的细胞,设置处理后的延时成像,调整标记转录位点在每个XY位置上的Z位置,进入Z堆栈的中心进行采集。

最后,在生长培养基中稀释的TA的添加必须非常小心地执行,以防止预先选择的位置与要成像的细胞的任何移动。在活细胞中,单个RNA转录物随时间推移的3D成像可以应用于研究DNA复制过程中的RNA转录或细胞周期进展过程中转录的变化。

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