Translating Extracellular Electron Transfer Activities with Organic Electrochemical Transistors

Yang Gao; Yuchen Zhou; Xudong Ji; Austin J. Graham; Christopher M. Dundas; Ismar E. Miniel Mahfoud; Bailey M. Tibbett; Benjamin Tan; Gina Partipilo; Ananth Dodabalapur; Jonathan Rivnay; Benjamin K. Keitz

doi:10.3791/67928

JoVE Journal
Bioengineering

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JoVE Journal Bioengineering

Translating Extracellular Electron Transfer Activities with Organic Electrochemical Transistors

用有机电化学晶体管翻译细胞外电子转移活动

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10:44 min

January 31, 2025

DOI: 10.3791/67928-v

Yang Gao¹, Yuchen Zhou^2,3, Xudong Ji^4,5, Austin J. Graham^1,6, Christopher M. Dundas^1,7, Ismar E. Miniel Mahfoud¹, Bailey M. Tibbett¹, Benjamin Tan^3,8, Gina Partipilo¹, Ananth Dodabalapur^2,3, Jonathan Rivnay^4,5, Benjamin K. Keitz¹

¹McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering,University of Texas at Austin, ²Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,The University of Texas at Austin, ³Microelectronics Research Center,The University of Texas at Austin, ⁴Department of Biomedical Engineering,Northwestern University, ⁵Simpson Querrey Institute,Northwestern University, ⁶Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry,University of California San Francisco, ⁷Department of Biology,Stanford University, ⁸Department of Chemistry,University of Texas at Austin

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Overview

This study presents a protocol for utilizing organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) to convert extracellular electron transfer (EET) activity in Shewanella oneidensis into measurable electrical signals. The hybrid OECT system enhances robustness and sensitivity, facilitating rapid and high-throughput testing for EET measurements.

Key Study Components

Area of Science

Bioelectronics
Extracellular electron transfer
Electrochemical systems

Background

Research focuses on integrating bacterial EET with electronic materials.
Exploration of genetic regulation of EET for improved electrical performance.
Investigation of emergent features in electrochemical systems with living cells.
Use of synthetic biology to engineer EET pathways.

Purpose of Study

To develop bioelectronics that leverage EET for biosensing and biocomputing.
To understand the interaction between EET and electronic materials.
To optimize electrical performance through genetic modulation of EET.

Methods Used

Engineering of bacterial cells to modulate OECT outputs.
Electrochemical systems for redox monitoring.
Microscopy techniques for analyzing cell activities.
Advanced spectroscopy methods for characterizing material-biology interfaces.

Main Results

Demonstrated that genetically engineered bacteria can influence OECT performance.
Illustrated direct and indirect EET pathways affecting bioelectronics.
Coupled genetic logic to electrical outputs for enhanced control.
Showed advantages of using living cells for dynamic responses in bioelectronics.

Conclusions

Living cells provide programmable controls through EET.
Cellular metabolism can be leveraged for real-time electrical responses.
Findings contribute to the advancement of bioelectronic applications.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the significance of EET in bioelectronics?

EET is crucial for developing bioelectronics as it allows for the integration of biological processes with electronic systems, enhancing functionality.

How do genetically engineered bacteria affect OECT outputs?

Genetically engineered bacteria can modulate the electrical signals produced by OECTs, enabling more precise control over bioelectronic devices.

What methods are used to monitor EET?

Techniques include electrochemical systems for redox monitoring, microscopy for cell activity analysis, and advanced spectroscopy for interface characterization.

What advantages do living cells offer in this research?

Living cells provide dynamic, genetically programmable controls and can utilize cellular metabolism for real-time responses in bioelectronic applications.

What are the potential applications of this research?

This research has implications for biosensing, biocomputing, and the development of advanced bioelectronic devices.

How does synthetic biology contribute to this study?

Synthetic biology is used to engineer EET pathways, enhancing the interaction between biological systems and electronic materials.

在这里，我们提出了一种使用有机电化学晶体管（OECT）将 Shewanella oneidensis 中的细胞外电子转移（EET）活性转化为电信号的方案。混合 OECT 系统具有更强的稳定性、灵敏度，并具有快速、高通量检测的潜力，使其成为 EET 测量的有效工具。

我们的研究重点是开发集成细菌细胞外电子转移或 EET 的生物电子学，以扩展生物传感和生物计算应用。我们正在寻求 EET 如何与电子材料相互作用、如何遗传调节 EET 以优化电气性能以及这些包含活细胞的电化学系统中是否有新的新兴特征的答案。细菌 HR 细胞或电子转移研究的进步使用合成生物学来设计 EET 途径，例如使用电化学系统进行氧化还原监测，并使用显微镜来监测细胞活动，进行原子力显微镜和大电极进行电子流分析，并使用无人机等高级光谱法进行材料生物学界面表征。

我们证明，疾病上显示的基因工程可以调节 OECT 输出，从而实现生物驱动的电反应。研究结果包括阐明影响生物电子学性能的直接和间接 EET 途径、将遗传逻辑与电结果耦合以及通过 EET 调整遗传可塑性。与传统的 OECT 工作相比，活细胞具有优势，例如通过细胞外电子转移进行动态遗传可编程控制，以及利用细胞代谢进行实时响应的能力。

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