Apical-out Organoids
Apical-out Organoids - Related Videos
05:38
Generation of Apical-Out Intestinal Organoids and Assessment of Organoid Proliferation Rate Using EdU-Labeling
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Cited by 1 •
2025
Here, we describe a protocol for generating apical-out intestinal organoids from standard matrix-embedded organoid cultures. It also outlines the subsequent incorporation of EdU into actively proliferating cells and the semiautomatic quantification of EdU-positive cells.
01:17
Assessment of apical pulse
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2025
Assessing the Apical Pulse Assessing the apical pulse is a critical nursing procedure, particularly indicated for: • Children younger than two years. • Cardiac patients. • Patients before administering specific medications (e.g., cardiac glycosides like digoxin). Location: The apical pulse is auscultated at the left midclavicular line. It is located at the 5th intercostal space, where the heart's apex is closest to the chest wall. Preparation: Gather Equipment: Ensure you have a...
07:49
Culture Methods to Study Apical-Specific Interactions using Intestinal Organoid Models
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Cited by 30 •
2021
Here we present two protocols that allow the modeling of intestinal apical-specific interactions. Organoid-derived intestinal monolayers and Air-Liquid Interface (ALI) cultures facilitate the generation of well-differentiated epithelia accessible from both luminal and basolateral sides, whereas polarity-inverted intestinal organoids expose their apical side and are amenable to high throughput assays.
02:33
A Technique to Develop a Parasite Infection in Intestinal Organoids via Microinjection
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2025
This video demonstrates a microinjection technique to develop a human intestinal organoid infection model. The infectious sporozoite stage of the parasite Cryptosporidium parvum is microinjected into the organoid lumen. Upon invading the epithelial cells of the organoid, it undergoes asexual and sexual reproduction to complete its life cycle and spreads the infection.
07:40
Generation of iPSC-derived Human Brain Organoids to Model Early Neurodevelopmental Disorders
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Cited by 46 •
2017
Modeling human brain development has been hindered due to the unprecedented complexity of neural epithelial tissue. Here, a method for the robust generation of brain organoids to delineate early events of human brain development and to model microcephaly in vitro is described.
FAQs
Polarity reversal is promoted by changing the organoid’s physical culture environment. Removing extracellular matrix support and maintaining the organoid in suspension encourages epithelial cells to remodel their polarity, shifting the lumen-facing apical surface outward. This remodeling matters because it changes which side of the epithelium is directly exposed and experimentally accessible while preserving the three-dimensional tissue model.
The outward-facing surface gives direct access to the epithelial interface that would otherwise face the internal lumen. Researchers can therefore examine cell-surface transport, barrier behavior, or interactions at that surface without disrupting the organoid. This preserves the model’s three-dimensional organization while making a normally enclosed epithelial region available for observation and experimental treatment.
Compared with organoids that retain the usual apical-in arrangement, Apical-out organoids expose the epithelial surface that faces the lumen rather than keeping it enclosed. This distinction changes the experimental setup: investigators can access and study that surface directly, reducing the need to disrupt the organoid to examine epithelial interactions, transport, barrier properties, or responses.
A basic workflow starts by removing organoids from their extracellular matrix support and then maintaining them in suspension. Under these conditions, epithelial polarity remodeling promotes outward orientation of the apical surface. The resulting configuration makes the epithelial interface accessible for direct study while retaining the organoid’s three-dimensional structure, supporting experiments that would be difficult with an enclosed surface.
Their accessible epithelial surface supports studies of host-pathogen interactions, epithelial barrier function, and cell-surface transport. Researchers can also evaluate how the tissue responds to drugs or immune cells without first disrupting the organoid. These applications make the model useful when experimental access to the epithelial interface is central to the biological question.
In biology, these models connect epithelial organization with disease mechanisms and therapeutic responses. Their three-dimensional architecture provides a physiologically relevant setting for examining how tissues are organized while the exposed surface enables direct investigation of relevant cellular interactions. Consequently, researchers can study tissue behavior and treatment responses in a model that combines structural context with experimental accessibility.