Oxidative Phosphorylation
Oxidative Phosphorylation - Related Videos
11:10
Respirometric Oxidative Phosphorylation Assessment in Saponin-permeabilized Cardiac Fibers
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Cited by 32 •
2011
Saponin-permeabilized fiber preparation in conjunction with respirometric oxidative phosphorylation analysis provides integrative assessment of mitochondrial function. Mitochondrial respiration in physiological and pathological states can reflect various regulatory influences including mitochondrial interactions, morphology and biochemistry.
01:02
Phosphorylation
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2019
The addition or removal of phosphate groups from proteins is the most common chemical modification that regulates cellular processes. These modifications can affect the structure, activity, stability, and localization of proteins within cells as well as their interactions with other proteins. During phosphorylation, protein kinases transfer the terminal phosphate group of ATP to specific amino acid side chains of substrate proteins. Serine, threonine, and tyrosine are the most commonly...
07:13
Platelet-based Detection of Nitric Oxide in Blood by Measuring VASP Phosphorylation
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Cited by 2 •
2019
Here, we present a protocol to address the potential use of platelets as a highly sensitive nitric oxide sensor in blood. It describes initial platelet preparation and the use of nitrite and deoxygenated red blood cells as nitric oxide generators.
08:22
Using an Extracellular Flux Analyzer to Measure Changes in Glycolysis and Oxidative Phosphorylation during Mouse Sperm Capacitation
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Cited by 17 •
2020
We describe the application of an extracellular flux analyzer to monitor real-time changes in glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation during mouse sperm capacitation.
05:34
Denaturing Urea Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis for RNA Analysis: A Technique to Separate Fluorescently Labeled Phosphorylated RNA Oligonucleotides from their Non-Phosphorylated Equivalents
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2025
In this video, we demonstrate a denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for the separation of phosphorylated RNA species from their non-phosphorylated counterparts. The RNA species are fluorescently labeled for laser detection on the gel.
FAQs
The proton gradient acts as an energy intermediate. Electron transfer releases energy that moves protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane, creating a difference in proton concentration. As protons return through ATP synthase, that stored gradient energy drives the joining of ADP with inorganic phosphate. This coupling converts electron-transfer energy into a chemically usable ATP supply.
NADH and FADH2 connect nutrient oxidation with the electron transport chain by carrying electrons into it. Their electrons pass through the chain, and the energy released during that passage supports proton pumping. Oxygen receives the electrons at the end and forms water, completing the sequence that links electron movement with ATP production.
The inner mitochondrial membrane provides the setting in which electron transfer, proton pumping, and ATP synthesis are coupled. Proton movement across this membrane establishes the gradient required for ATP synthase to function. In eukaryotic cells, organizing these components within the same membrane allows energy released from electrons to drive formation of ATP efficiently.
The process uses electrons carried by NADH and FADH2, along with ADP and inorganic phosphate. Electron transfer creates a proton gradient, which serves as the immediate energy intermediate for ATP synthase. The principal products are ATP and water: ATP supplies usable cellular energy, while water forms when oxygen acts as the terminal electron acceptor.
Oxidative phosphorylation supports cellular work that requires ATP, including muscle contraction, active transport, growth, and cellular maintenance. Its importance becomes especially apparent in tissues with high energy demands, because these activities require a sustained supply of usable energy. The process therefore connects nutrient oxidation to both routine cell function and demanding physiological work.
Disruption reduces the cell's ability to convert nutrient oxidation into usable ATP through the electron transport chain and proton-gradient system. Because ATP powers processes such as active transport, muscle contraction, growth, and maintenance, impaired oxidative phosphorylation can interfere with these activities. Tissues with high energy demands are particularly vulnerable to this loss of energy support.