Parathyroid Hormone
Parathyroid Hormone - Related Videos
07:13
Two Techniques to Create Hypoparathyroid Mice: Parathyroidectomy Using GFP Glands and Diphtheria-Toxin-Mediated Parathyroid Ablation
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Cited by 4 •
2017
Mice with acquired hypoparathyroidism would be useful for studying novel drug therapies for hypoparathyroidism. Two procedures to create such mice are demonstrated. The GFP-PTX mouse is generated by surgical parathyroidectomy guided by green fluorescing parathyroid glands. A second, non-surgical approach is based on parathyroid-specific expression of the diphtheria toxin receptor.
02:13
Types of Hormones
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2019
Hormones can be classified into three main types based on their chemical structures: steroids, peptides, and amines. Their actions are mediated by the specific receptors they bind to on target cells. Steroid hormones are derived from cholesterol and are lipophilic in nature. This allows them to readily traverse the lipid-rich cell membrane to bind to their intracellular receptors in the cytoplasm or nucleus. Once bound, the cytoplasmic hormone-receptor complex translocates to the nucleus.
01:33
Hormonal Regulation
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2019
The renin-aldosterone system is an endocrine system which guides the renal absorption of water and electrolytes, thus managing blood pressure and osmoregulation. Activation of the system begins in the kidneys with a small cluster of cells adjacent to the afferent and efferent blood vessels of the renal corpuscle. As the nephrons are filtering blood, juxtaglomerular cells monitor blood pressure. If they detect a decrease in pressure, they release the hormone renin into the bloodstream.
01:56
Plant Hormones
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2020
Plant hormones—or phytohormones—are chemical molecules that modulate one or more physiological processes of a plant. In animals, hormones are often produced in specific glands and circulated via the circulatory system. However, plants lack hormone-producing glands. Instead, plant hormones are often produced in regions of active growth, like the tips of roots and shoots. Additionally, even very low concentrations of plant hormones can have a profound effect on growth and development processes.
00:59
The Parathyroid Glands
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2024
The two pairs of parathyroid glands embedded within the posterior surface of the thyroid gland are restricted by a dense capsule around them. These glands comprise two distinct cell populations—parathyroid oxyphil and parathyroid principal cells- pivotal in calcium homeostasis. Oxyphil cells, whose functions remain elusive, emerge during late puberty, adding a layer of complexity to the parathyroid gland's intricacies. In contrast, principal parathyroid cells undertake a vital role by producing...
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Calcium-sensing receptors on parathyroid chief cells detect changes in blood calcium concentration. When calcium falls, these receptors stimulate secretion of Parathyroid Hormone, linking a change in the extracellular environment to an endocrine response. This cellular detection step allows PTH activity to adjust mineral handling and support the restoration of calcium balance.
PTH does not regulate calcium in isolation. Its renal actions increase calcium reabsorption while promoting phosphate excretion, coordinating the handling of both minerals. This combination helps maintain calcium and phosphate balance rather than simply raising calcium, and it forms part of the broader mechanism through which PTH supports mineral homeostasis.
PTH links short-term blood calcium regulation with processes occurring in bone by mobilizing calcium from skeletal tissue. That relationship makes the hormone relevant to bone physiology and remodeling, because the skeleton serves as a source of regulated mineral exchange. Studying this connection helps explain how mineral balance and skeletal biology influence one another.
PTH enhances calcitriol production, adding an intestinal component to its renal and skeletal actions. Calcitriol supports intestinal calcium absorption, so the response can draw on dietary calcium as well as changes in kidney handling and bone mineral availability. This coordinated effect shows why PTH regulation involves several organs rather than a single target tissue.
PTH is relevant to kidney disease because the kidneys are one of its principal sites of action. Renal calcium reabsorption, phosphate excretion, and enhanced calcitriol production are all connected to PTH-mediated mineral regulation. Investigating this relationship helps place kidney disease within the wider biology of abnormal calcium and phosphate balance.
PTH research informs osteoporosis-related approaches by clarifying how hormonal control of calcium intersects with bone physiology and remodeling. Because PTH can mobilize calcium from bone while coordinating mineral handling elsewhere, its study provides a biological framework for considering skeletal consequences of altered hormone activity. This context supports research into clinical strategies involving bone health.
PTH studies can help explain hyperparathyroidism and hypoparathyroidism, conditions associated with abnormal regulation of this hormone. They also clarify how disrupted mineral control may relate to abnormal blood calcium levels, bone physiology, nerve signaling, muscle contraction, and kidney function. As a result, PTH provides a useful framework for connecting endocrine regulation with multiple biological outcomes.