Patient-derived Orthotopic Xenograft
Patient-derived Orthotopic Xenograft - Related Videos
07:44
Establishment of Orthotopic Patient-derived Xenograft Models for Brain Tumors using a Stereotaxic Device
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2025
The development of orthotopic pediatric brain tumor models requires meticulous precision, using a stereotaxic device to implant cancer cells precisely. The methodology presented here outlines the steps involved in preparing brain tumor cells, performing intracranial injections, and implementing a post-operative monitoring system to assess brain tumor engraftment.
03:21
Zebrafish Patient-Derived Xenograft (zPDX): A Cancer Model
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2023
This video describes the technique to create a zebrafish patient derived xenograft model. In the sample protocol, we assess the efficiency of the drugs Gemcitabine and Navitoclax on the pancreatic tumor xenograft model.
06:48
In Ovo Xenografting of Patient-Derived Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) Cells (PDX-ALL)
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2025
This protocol describes in ovo xenografting of patient-derived B- and T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells, which occurs 4 days following injection.
03:16
Patient-derived Xenograft Modeling: A Technique to Generate Melanoma Mouse Models
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2023
In this video, human-derived melanoma cells are implanted subcutaneously into the flank region of an immunocompromised mouse. The PDX model allows preclinical investigation of melanoma cells that better recapitulate the tumor heterogeneity and melanoma aggressiveness observed in in vivo conditions.
06:06
High-Throughput Dissociation and Orthotopic Implantation of Breast Cancer Patient-Derived Xenografts
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2024
This protocol describes an efficient, non-surgical method for the orthotopic implantation of breast cancer patient-derived xenografts in mice. The technique involves enzymatic tumor dissociation followed by direct injection into the mammary fat pads, enabling high-throughput implantation. Comprehensive validation ensures model fidelity, facilitating rigorous studies across various breast cancer subtypes.
FAQs
Placement within the corresponding organ exposes the graft to an anatomically relevant microenvironment rather than an artificial subcutaneous location. Surrounding tissues can affect tumor growth, local invasion, and metastatic behavior. This context allows researchers to examine disease features that may be missed when cancer cells or tissue grow outside the organ where the original tumor developed.
The main distinction is anatomical relevance. Subcutaneous tumors grow in a convenient but nonnative location, whereas an orthotopic graft develops within the organ associated with the patient’s tumor. Because tissue interactions can influence progression and spread, orthotopic models may provide a more informative setting for studying invasion, metastasis, and treatment response.
Patient-derived tissue can retain aspects of the heterogeneity present in the original disease, meaning that tumors from different patients may behave differently or respond differently to treatment. Preserving this variation helps researchers evaluate therapies across biologically distinct cancers rather than relying only on a uniform experimental tumor population.
An immunodeficient animal can support growth of patient tumor tissue without a fully functional immune response rejecting the graft. This enables investigation of tumor biology and therapeutic response in a living system. However, the missing immune component limits studies of interactions between the tumor and a complete immune system, including immune-dependent treatment effects.
Researchers can expose the growing patient-derived tumor to candidate treatments and observe changes in tumor behavior or response. Because the model preserves aspects of patient-specific biology and grows in an organ-relevant setting, it can help compare therapeutic effects under conditions that better reflect tumor growth, invasion, and resistance than simplified systems may provide.
A PDOX model provides a living context in which treatment response and resistance can be examined within patient-derived tumor tissue. Differences in response may reflect retained tumor heterogeneity and interactions with surrounding tissues. Studying these outcomes can help researchers identify whether a candidate treatment suppresses disease or whether tumor growth persists despite therapy.
These models can support precision oncology by providing a patient-specific platform for assessing candidate treatments before broader conclusions are drawn. Their value comes from combining retained features of the patient’s tumor with an anatomically relevant growth site. Results can inform research on treatment selection, biological behavior, and resistance, while acknowledging the model’s immune-system limitations.