Analyte Concentration Determination
Analyte Concentration Determination - Related Videos
19:16
The Importance of Correct Protein Concentration for Kinetics and Affinity Determination in Structure-function Analysis
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Cited by 26 •
2010
We apply label-free protein interaction analysis using Biacore X100 for structure-function analysis of the binding of several cystatin B mutants to papain through kinetic characterization. Calibration-free concentration analysis (CFCA) measures the concentration of protein with retained binding activity without the need for a standard curve. We show that confirmation of concentrations using CFCA increases the reliability of the kinetic analysis and that kinetic constants can reliably be...
05:40
Fabricating Cotton Analytical Devices
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2016
To investigate simple fabrication approaches for multiple assay needs, we created a fluid-absorbing channel system made of cotton material. This device was used to establish a multiple detection platform, and solve contamination issues that commonly affect lateral flow-based biomedical devices, for clinical urinalysis of nitrite, total protein, and urobilinogen.
09:28
Viral Concentration Determination Through Plaque Assays: Using Traditional and Novel Overlay Systems
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Cited by 466 •
2014
Plaque assays are the gold standard for viral quantification, utilizing entrapping overlays on host cellular monolayers to determine viral titers. While various semisolid overlays have traditionally been used, here we demonstrate plaque techniques comparing semisolid overlays to a novel liquid microcrystalline cellulose among several families of viruses.
06:15
Concentration Determination of Nucleic Acids and Proteins Using the Micro-volume Bio-spec Nano Spectrophotometer
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Cited by 19 •
2011
This communication presents data on the accuracy and reproducibility of the BioSpec-nano UV-VIS spectrophotometer for dsDNA and protein quantitation. Even with ultra-small volumes (1 to 2 L), reproducibility is excellent, while the automated wiping function improves throughput and results in minimal carryover for more precise results.
11:32
Analytical Determination of Mitochondrial Function of Excised Solid Tumor Homogenates
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Cited by 4 •
2021
We developed a practical protocol and analytical approach to evaluate mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and electron transfer capacity in fresh tumor homogenates. This protocol can be easily adapted to survey various mitochondrial functions that contribute to cancer initiation, progression, and treatment response.
FAQs
A calibration relationship translates a measured response into concentration by comparing the sample’s mass, reaction volume, or instrumental signal with responses from standards of known concentration. This comparison provides the basis for estimating an unknown value rather than treating the raw response as concentration itself. Reliable interpretation depends on consistent measurements and appropriate calibration.
These approaches rely on different measurable responses. Titration uses reaction volume, gravimetric analysis uses mass, and spectrophotometry uses absorbance as the instrumental response. The appropriate choice therefore depends on which response can be measured for the chemical species and sample. Comparing these methods helps align the analytical procedure with the available chemical or instrumental measurement.
Each stage can influence the reliability of the final concentration result. Sampling must represent the material being studied, preparation must produce a measurable sample, and calibration connects the response to known concentrations. Uncertainty assessment indicates how confidently the result can support comparisons or quality judgments, rather than presenting a measurement without information about its reliability.
A typical workflow begins with careful sampling and sample preparation, followed by measurement of a response such as mass, reaction volume, or absorbance. The response is then compared with standards of known concentration through a calibration relationship. Finally, the result is assessed with attention to uncertainty so that the reported value can support reproducible chemical analysis.
Standards are used when the measured response must be related quantitatively to the amount of chemical species present. Known concentrations establish the calibration relationship needed to interpret an unknown sample’s signal. This approach is especially relevant for instrumental measurements such as absorbance, where the signal alone does not provide a concentration unless it is evaluated against an appropriate reference relationship.
Concentration results reveal changes in sample composition and allow reproducible comparisons between samples or measurements. In chemistry, that information supports environmental monitoring, pharmaceutical quality control, clinical analysis, and research. The result can therefore serve both as a measure of chemical quality and as evidence for comparing compositions across conditions, materials, or analytical studies.