Pathogen Secretion
Pathogen Secretion - Related Videos
14:05
Imaging InlC Secretion to Investigate Cellular Infection by the Bacterial Pathogen Listeria monocytogenes
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Cited by 7 •
2013
Listeria monocytogenes is a Gram positive bacterial pathogen frequently used as a major model for the study of intracellular parasitism. Imaging late L. monocytogenes infection stages within the context of small-interfering RNA screens allows for the global study of cellular pathways required for bacterial infection of target host cells.
10:19
Screening and Identification of RNA Silencing Suppressors from Secreted Effectors of Plant Pathogens
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Cited by 2 •
2020
Here, we present a modified screening method that can be extensively used to quickly screen RNA silencing suppressors in plant pathogens.
04:20
Functional Assessment of Antibody-Secreting B Cells Using ELISpot Assay
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2025
This video demonstrates the use of the ELISpot assay to assess the function of antibody-secreting B cells, ASCs. The antibodies secreted by the ASCs interact with the membrane-bound polyclonal antibody fragments, which are detected by the enzyme-conjugated IgG or IgM antibodies. The colored spot produced in each well indicates the presence of the specific antibody's isotype, which correlates with the B cells' secretory activity.
03:37
Quantifying Polarity and Dynamics of a Secretion System Component in Legionella pneumophila
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2025
Source: Chetrit, D., et al. Applying Live Cell Imaging and Cryo-Electron Tomography to Resolve Spatiotemporal Features of the Legionella pneumophila Dot/Icm Secretion System. J. Vis. Exp. (2020)This video demonstrates the use of live-cell fluorescence imaging to quantify the polarity and dynamics of secretion system components in Legionella pneumophila, enabling analysis of spatial recruitment and cytosolic redistribution critical for understanding bacterial...
05:28
Assay for the Identification of Interferon-Gamma Secretion in Murine Lymphoid Organs
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2025
This video demonstrates an imaging method to visualize in situ interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) secretion in the mouse spleen. Following bacterial infection and the induction of IFN-γ accumulation inside T cells and natural killer cells, the spleen is harvested from the mouse. Upon obtaining tissue sections, immunostaining is performed to visualize IFN-γ inside the cells.
FAQs
Membrane translocons form passageways across the microbial cell envelope, while ATP or proton gradients supply the energy needed to move proteins and other molecules through them. This division of labor allows secretion to be regulated rather than passive. Disrupting either the translocon or its energy source can therefore interfere with delivery of effectors that support colonization or host-cell manipulation.
Environmental signals help pathogens adjust secretion to conditions encountered during infection. Regulatory control can activate or reduce secretion-system genes, which are often organized in operons so related components are expressed together. This coordination links external conditions to the production of translocons, effectors, and other factors, allowing secretion capacity to change with the pathogen’s surroundings.
The outcome depends on the molecules exported and their targets. Secreted enzymes can modify available substrates or tissue barriers, toxins can damage host cells, adhesins can support attachment, and immune-modulating effectors can alter host responses. Because these cargoes act through different functions, changes in secretion genes or regulation may produce different disease phenotypes even among related pathogens.
Analysis should begin with secretion-system loci, including the genes encoding transport components and exported factors. Researchers can then examine how those genes are organized and expressed, especially under relevant environmental signals. Studying mutations adds a functional dimension by revealing whether altered genetic sequences change secretion-associated traits, helping connect genotype with virulence mechanisms.
Comparing secretion-system loci and their expression patterns can identify genetic variation associated with distinct pathogen behaviors. Strains may differ in the presence, sequence, organization, or regulation of secretion-related genes, and mutations can modify the resulting phenotype. These comparisons help researchers connect strain-level genetic differences with changes in host manipulation, colonization, or disease-associated activity.
Secretion studies highlight components that are important for exporting effectors or influencing host cells. Genetic analysis can identify secretion-system loci, regulatory elements, or secreted factors whose disruption changes virulence-related traits. Such findings provide a basis for evaluating components as possible antimicrobial or vaccine targets, while also clarifying which pathogen functions are most closely tied to disease.