Xenograft Engraftment
Xenograft Engraftment - Related Videos
10:52
Tumor Engraftment in a Xenograft Mouse Model of Human Mantle Cell Lymphoma
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Cited by 1 •
2018
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a difficult to treat B cell disorder and it is equally difficult to establish a xenograft mouse model of primary MCL to study and develop therapeutics. Here, we describe the successful establishment of MCL xenografts in mice to help understand its underlying biology.
02:26
A Technique to Generate a Human PBMC-Engrafted Humanized Xenograft Mouse Model
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2025
This video demonstrates an assay to generate a humanized xenograft mouse model. An immunocompromised mouse is injected with cyclophosphamide to cause immune cell depletion. Patient-derived tumor cells mixed with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in a hydrogel are subcutaneously injected into the mouse, forming a tumor with infiltrating T cells.
10:35
Generation of Subcutaneous and Intrahepatic Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Xenografts in Immunodeficient Mice
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Cited by 15 •
2013
Human tumor xenografts in immunodeficient mice are valuable tools to study cancer biology. Specific protocols to generate subcutaneous and intrahepatic xenografts from human hepatocellular carcinoma cells or tumor fragments are described. Liver regeneration induced by partial hepatectomy in recipient mice is presented as a strategy to facilitate intrahepatic engraftment.
04:36
Adenocarcinoma Engraftment: A Method to Implant Cancer Cells into the Murine Lungs
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2023
This video describes a method to engraft lung adenocarcinoma cells in murine lungs by preconditioning the airways with fibrosis-inducing agent–bleomycin. This method significantly enhances orthotopic engraftment of lung cancer cells into murine...
09:43
Primary Orthotopic Glioma Xenografts Recapitulate Infiltrative Growth and Isocitrate Dehydrogenase I Mutation
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Cited by 10 •
2014
Malignant gliomas constitute a heterogeneous group of highly infiltrative glial neoplasms with distinct clinical and molecular features. Primary orthotopic xenografts recapitulate the histopathological and molecular features of malignant glioma subtypes in preclinical animal models.
FAQs
The recipient’s immune system identifies donor antigens as foreign rather than treating the graft as self. This recognition activates both innate and adaptive immune responses, producing inflammation and other tissue-damaging effects. If these responses remain uncontrolled, they can disrupt graft survival and function, making antigen compatibility and immune regulation central considerations when studying or improving xenograft engraftment.
A graft must establish an adequate blood supply to remain viable and function after transplantation. Poor vascular support can contribute to tissue injury and weaken the graft even when other compatibility factors are favorable. Consequently, evaluating vascular integration alongside immune responses helps researchers explain variable engraftment outcomes and guides tissue-engineering strategies intended to improve graft persistence.
Innate and adaptive immune responses represent complementary barriers to xenograft survival. Innate activation can promote early inflammation and vascular injury, while adaptive recognition reinforces the response against donor antigens. Their combined effects may progress toward rejection, so experimental approaches that control immunity must account for more than one immune pathway when assessing whether a graft can remain functional.
Key considerations include the degree of tissue compatibility, the graft’s ability to obtain blood supply, and the strength of immune activation after transplantation. Researchers can use these factors to interpret whether poor attachment, loss of viability, vascular injury, or rejection explains an outcome. Considering them together provides a more informative assessment than examining graft survival alone.
Xenografts provide models for studying human disease in an animal setting. They can help investigators examine how disease-related tissues or cells behave after transplantation and create a platform for evaluating potential therapies. Their value comes from connecting biological questions about human pathology with observable graft behavior, while immune and vascular barriers remain important factors in interpreting results.
Researchers use xenograft systems to evaluate therapies and investigate tumor growth. These applications allow treatment effects or tumor behavior to be examined in a living model rather than only in isolated material. Interpretation still requires attention to engraftment quality, because immune reactions, inflammation, vascular injury, or inadequate integration may influence the observed outcome independently of the therapy or tumor itself.
Tissue-engineering approaches use xenografts to investigate how transplanted cells or tissues can survive, integrate, and remain functional. Findings about compatibility, blood supply, and immune control can guide efforts to improve regenerative outcomes. This work also contributes to the development of future cross-species transplantation technologies, although reliable engraftment remains a major biological challenge.