Phosphene Localization
Phosphene Localization - Related Videos
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State-Dependency Effects on TMS: A Look at Motive Phosphene Behavior
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Cited by 4 •
2010
In this article, we examine the effects of visually relevant state dependency on TMS induced motive phosphenic presentations.
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A Novel Approach for Documenting Phosphenes Induced by Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
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Phosphenes are transient percepts of light that can be induced by applying Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) to visually sensitive regions of cortex. We demonstrate a standard protocol for determining the phosphene threshold value and introduce a novel method for quantifying and analyzing perceived phosphenes.
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Nano-fEM: Protein Localization Using Photo-activated Localization Microscopy and Electron Microscopy
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We describe a method to localize fluorescently tagged proteins in electron micrographs. Fluorescence is first localized using photo-activated localization microscopy on ultrathin sections. These images are then aligned to electron micrographs of the same section.
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Visualization of in vivo RNA transport is accomplished by microinjection of fluorescently labeled RNA transcripts into Xenopus oocytes, followed by confocal microscopy.
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Local Attraction
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2025
Local attraction refers to disturbances in compass readings caused by magnetic influences from nearby objects such as metal fences, buried pipes, vehicles, buildings, power lines, or natural iron ore deposits. Small items like wristwatches, steel tools, or belt buckles can also interfere with the compass by creating local magnetic fields that distort the Earth's natural magnetic field. These distortions lead to inaccurate readings, posing navigation and land surveying challenges.Local...
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Phosphene localization connects a participant’s reported visual-field position with the neural site or pathway activated by stimulation. Because phosphenes may follow retinal or visual-cortical activation, researchers compare where the percept appears with the stimulated location. This relationship provides behavioral evidence about how visual information is spatially organized.
Retinotopic organization means that neighboring regions of the visual system represent neighboring portions of the visual field. Consequently, changes in reported phosphene position across stimulation sites can indicate how those sites correspond to visual-space representations. The resulting map links subjective percepts with the spatial arrangement of neural activity.
Comparing these stimulation sources helps determine whether similar light-like percepts arise from different levels of the visual pathway. Researchers can examine whether location, size, or perceptual quality changes when activation targets the retina rather than visual cortex. Such contrasts help clarify which perceptual features reflect pathway organization and which depend on stimulation site.
Position identifies the apparent visual-field location, but size and perceptual quality add information about the character of the evoked percept. Evaluating all three features allows researchers to compare stimulation sites more completely than location alone. These measurements can reveal differences in visual representation and help assess how closely an intervention produces a useful visual experience.
A typical localization workflow stimulates a selected retinal or visual-cortical site, asks the participant to report the apparent phosphene position, and records additional features such as size and perceptual quality. Researchers then compare reports across stimulation sites. This procedure converts subjective visual experiences into spatial data for examining retinotopic organization and stimulation effects.
Researchers use it to map visual representations, evaluate the perceptual effects of brain stimulation, and examine whether visual prostheses evoke organized visual experiences. The method is especially informative when researchers need to relate a stimulation site to a reported visual-field outcome. Results can guide interpretation of visual-system function and strategies for restoring or augmenting sight.