Topologically Associating Domain
Topologically Associating Domain - Related Videos
08:14
Determining Membrane Protein Topology Using Fluorescence Protease Protection (FPP)
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Cited by 18 •
2015
Here, we present a protocol to determine the orientation and topology of integral membrane proteins in living cells. This simple protocol relies on selective protease sensitivity of chimeras between the protein of interest and GFP.
05:03
Assessing Immunological Synapse Topology through Live-Cell Imaging
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2025
This video demonstrates live-cell imaging of immunological synapse topology, investigating the interactions between T lymphocytes and epithelial cells carrying fluorescent antigens. Fluorescence microscopy reveals red cytoplasm displacement and yellow membrane rings in endothelial cells, indicating the formation of immunological synapses.
10:10
The Implicit Association Test
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2023
Source: Julian Wills & Jay Van Bavel—New York University One of the core constructs in social psychology is the notion of an attitude toward an object or person. Traditionally, psychologists measured attitudes by simply asking people to self-report their beliefs, opinions, or feelings. This approach has limitations, however, when measuring socially sensitive attitudes, like racial prejudice, because people are often motivated to self-report unprejudiced, egalitarian beliefs (despite...
02:26
Conservation of Protein Domains Over Different Proteins
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2020
Protein domains are small structurally independent units that are part of a single amino acid chain. Although these domains are often structurally independent, they may rely on synergistic effects to perform their functions as part of a larger protein. Protein domains may be conserved within the same organism, as well as across different organisms. A limited set of protein domains often duplicate and recombine during evolution. These domains can be organized in different combinations to form...
06:45
Transmembrane Domain Oligomerization Propensity determined by ToxR Assay
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Cited by 7 •
2011
An efficient procedure to assess the oligomerization propensity of single-pass transmembrane domains (TMDs) is described. Chimeric proteins consisting of the TMD fused to ToxR are expressed in an E. coli reporter strain. TMD-induced oligomerization causes dimerization of ToxR, activation of transcription and production of the reporter protein, -galactosidase.
FAQs
Cohesin-mediated loop extrusion helps bring separated segments of chromatin into loops, increasing opportunities for regulatory elements to occupy the same three-dimensional neighborhood. Boundary formation associated with CTCF binding sites helps distinguish one neighborhood from another. Together, these mechanisms organize genome structure so that regulatory contacts occur preferentially within defined regions.
CTCF-associated boundaries mark transitions between neighboring chromatin regions and help constrain their interaction patterns. This separation matters because enhancers, promoters, and other regulatory elements are more likely to influence genes within an appropriate spatial neighborhood. When a boundary is altered, regulatory contacts can change, potentially disrupting normal gene activity.
Spatial neighborhoods place regulatory elements near the genes they can influence, making three-dimensional genome organization relevant to gene expression. During development and cell differentiation, these organized contacts help establish or maintain distinct patterns of gene activity. Changes in neighborhood structure may therefore affect how genetic programs are regulated as cells acquire specialized identities.
Mapping TADs involves identifying groups of genomic regions that interact with one another more frequently than with surrounding regions. Researchers can use these interaction patterns to locate domain organization and examine relationships among regulatory elements. The resulting map provides a structural framework for interpreting how chromatin arrangement may influence gene expression.
TAD maps can clarify the three-dimensional organization of the genome and highlight disruptions in domain boundaries or regulatory contacts. These observations help researchers connect structural changes with abnormal gene activity. In genetics, that connection is especially useful for investigating how altered genome organization may contribute to disease-associated changes in regulation.
TAD analysis can show whether a disease-associated regulatory problem coincides with an altered boundary or an abnormal contact between regulatory elements. Because these structures help determine which enhancers and promoters share a spatial neighborhood, their disruption may redirect regulatory influence or disturb gene activity. This makes domain organization a useful context for interpreting genetic disease mechanisms.