Hla-dr Marker Analysis
Hla-dr Marker Analysis - Related Videos
10:37
Analysis of HBV-Specific CD4 T-cell Responses and Identification of HLA-DR-Restricted CD4 T-Cell Epitopes Based on a Peptide Matrix
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Cited by 2 •
2021
Based on a hepatitis B virus (HBV)-derived peptide matrix, HBV-specific CD4 T-cell responses could be evaluated in parallel with identification of HBV-specific CD4 T-cell epitopes.
08:07
Personalized Peptide Arrays for Detection of HLA Alloantibodies in Organ Transplantation
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Cited by 2 •
2017
Mismatches in human leukocyte antigen (HLA) sequences between organ donor and recipient pairs are the major cause of antibody-mediated rejection in organ transplantation. Here we present the use of custom antigen arrays that are based on individual donors' HLA sequences to probe anti-donor HLA alloantibodies in organ recipients.
03:15
A Peptide Array-Based Detection of Anti-donor HLA Alloantibodies in Organ Recipients
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2025
This video demonstrates an assay to detect anti-donor HLA alloantibodies in organ recipients. A peptide array is synthesized to represent potential epitopes for antibody-mediated organ rejection. The array is incubated with the recipient's serum, containing alloantibodies that bind to their target epitopes. Antibody binding is detected using chemiluminescence to identify donor-specific HLA epitopes that incite alloantibody reactivity.
07:18
HLA-Ig Based Artificial Antigen Presenting Cells for Efficient ex vivo Expansion of Human CTL
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Cited by 17 •
2011
A new DC independent method for induction and expansion of antigen-specific T cells is described. HLA A2-Ig based artificial Antigen Presenting Cells (aAPC) are loaded with HLA-A2 restricted peptides to efficiently expand CTL of diverse antigen specificity. This technology holds great potential for CTL-based adoptive immunotherapy.
13:28
Three-dimensional Confocal Analysis of Microglia/macrophage Markers of Polarization in Experimental Brain Injury
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Cited by 51 •
2013
A way to gain new insights into the complexity of the brain inflammatory response is presented. We describe immunofluorescence-based protocols followed by three-dimensional confocal analysis to investigate the pattern of co-expression of microglia/macrophage phenotype markers in a mouse model of focal ischemia.
FAQs
HLA-DR provides the surface context for presenting peptides to CD4+ T cells. Its detection therefore does more than identify a molecule: it connects an immune-cell phenotype with the cell’s potential role in antigen presentation. In infection studies, this relationship helps interpret how cellular changes may affect immune recognition.
These measurements describe different features of an immune population. HLA-DR-positive frequency indicates how much of that population meets the selected marker criterion, whereas expression level shows how strongly the molecule is displayed among measured cells. Considering both can distinguish a broad shift in population composition from a change in marker intensity.
Lineage markers help assign HLA-DR signal to particular immune-cell populations rather than treating all positive cells as one group. This matters because monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells can each be examined separately. The resulting comparison links altered HLA-DR patterns to cellular identity, strengthening interpretation of immune activation or suppression.
Changes in HLA-DR can be interpreted alongside the biological condition being studied. Altered frequencies or expression levels may help characterize inflammatory or immunosuppressive states, while comparisons across infection or treatment conditions can reveal disease-related immune changes. The analysis is therefore most informative when marker results are evaluated as patterns within defined cell populations.
A basic workflow combines antibody-based flow cytometry with lineage markers. Researchers measure surface HLA-DR on a sample, distinguish monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, or B cells through their associated lineage markers, and then compare HLA-DR-positive frequencies or expression levels among those populations. This design keeps marker results tied to cellular identity.
Comparisons are most meaningful when they preserve both cell identity and measurement type. A study can examine HLA-DR-positive frequency within each lineage-marked population, compare expression levels among those populations, or assess both across infection or treatment conditions. This approach separates population-specific immune changes from broad shifts affecting the sample as a whole.
Treatment can be associated with changes in immune-cell phenotype, so tracking HLA-DR-positive frequencies and expression levels provides a way to monitor those changes in defined populations. In infection research, condition-based comparisons can relate treatment-associated immune shifts to inflammatory or immunosuppressive states while retaining a connection to antigen-presentation capacity.