In Utero Surgery
In Utero Surgery - Related Videos
08:05
Murine In Utero Electroporation
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2023
In utero electroporation is an important technique for studying the molecular mechanisms that guide the proliferation, differentiation, migration, and maturation of cells during neural development. Electroporation enables the rapid and targeted delivery of material into cells by utilizing electrical pulses to create transient pores in cell membranes. Although electroporation has traditionally been used in in vitro studies, scientific advancements have now broadened its utilization to intact...
09:11
A Mouse Model of in Utero Transplantation
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Cited by 26 •
2011
The mouse model of in utero transplantation is a versatile tool that can be used to study the potential clinical applications of stem cell transplantation and gene therapy in the fetus. In this protocol, we present a general approach to performing this...
19:04
In Utero Intraventricular Injection and Electroporation of E16 Rat Embryos
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Cited by 13 •
2007
In-utero in-vivo injection and electroporation of the embryonic rat neocortex provides a powerful tool for the manipulation of individual progenitors ...
09:33
Utero-tubal Embryo Transfer and Vasectomy in the Mouse Model
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Cited by 28 •
2014
Utero-tubal embryo transfer uses the utero-tubal junction as a barrier to prevent the embryo outflow that may occur when performing uterine transfer. Vasectomized males are required to obtain pseudopregnant recipients for embryo transfer. Both techniques are discussed.
25:06
In utero and ex vivo Electroporation for Gene Expression in Mouse Retinal Ganglion Cells
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Cited by 30 •
2009
Here we present two techniques for manipulating gene expression in murine retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) by in utero and ex vivo electroporation. These techniques enable one to examine how alterations in gene expression affect RGC development, axon guidance, and functional properties.
FAQs
An open spinal defect leaves developing neural tissue exposed to amniotic fluid during the remaining pregnancy. Early closure aims to limit this continuing exposure while the nervous system is still developing, rather than allowing the defect to remain open until birth. The approach therefore focuses on preventing additional prenatal injury, not only repairing the visible structural defect.
Timing shifts the procedure from repairing damage after birth to reducing harmful exposure during fetal development. For myelomeningocele, intervention before birth can address the open defect while neural tissue remains inside the uterus and development continues. This makes fetal surgery a preventive strategy against ongoing prenatal damage as well as a structural repair.
Ultrasound helps clinicians evaluate the fetus and guide decisions about surgical access and repair. In the described approach, imaging works together with maternal-fetal access to help the team reach the affected structure while limiting disruption to the pregnancy. Its role connects fetal diagnosis, operative planning, and continued assessment of maternal and fetal status.
Candidate selection depends on whether the congenital condition is suitable for prenatal treatment and whether the expected rationale justifies maternal and fetal risks. The decision requires careful assessment rather than applying surgery universally. For neurological conditions such as myelomeningocele, clinicians consider the opportunity to limit ongoing neural-tissue exposure within the broader context of pregnancy management.
After clinicians repair the affected structure, they close the uterus so the pregnancy can continue. Continued care requires careful monitoring of both the mother and fetus throughout the remainder of pregnancy. This follow-up is essential because the procedure must be evaluated not only by the quality of the repair, but also by how safely pregnancy progresses afterward.
The approach provides a way to study and address how prenatal conditions influence developing neural tissue. In myelomeningocele, it links fetal medicine with neurodevelopment by targeting exposure-related injury before birth. It also demonstrates how imaging, maternal-fetal surgery, and surgical innovation can be integrated when the goal is to protect nervous-system development during pregnancy.