Subcortical Structures
Subcortical Structures - Related Videos
09:00
Investigating the Function of Deep Cortical and Subcortical Structures Using Stereotactic Electroencephalography: Lessons from the Anterior Cingulate Cortex
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Cited by 3 •
2015
Stereotactic Electroencephalography (SEEG) is an operative technique used in epilepsy surgery to help localize seizure foci. It also affords a unique opportunity to investigate brain function. Here we describe how SEEG can be used to investigate cognitive processes in human subjects.
03:49
Recording Cortical and Subcortical Neuronal Activity Using Electrode Systems
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2025
This video demonstrates the process of recording cortical and subcortical neuronal activity using electroencephalography (EEG) and deep brain stimulation (DBS) electrodes during an attention-based visual stimulation test.
07:24
Using Eye-tracking to Assess the Relative Importance of Visual and Vestibular Input to Subcortical Motion Processing in the Roll Plane
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2025
The methodology explored visual and vestibular contributions to gaze stabilization during optokinetic and whole-body rotations. Stimulations were carried out through visual, vestibular, and visuovestibular trials. Torsional eye-movement gain and nystagmus frequencies served as indicators for the subcortical relay of sensory-specific motion information towards the reflexive brainstem response for each trial.
08:16
High-resolution Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Human Subcortex In Vivo and Postmortem
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Cited by 5 •
2015
Here we present a protocol to determine the minimum number images that needed to be registered and averaged to resolve subcortical structures and test whether the individual layers of the LGN could be resolved in the absence of physiological noise.
08:36
A Versatile Murine Model of Subcortical White Matter Stroke for the Study of Axonal Degeneration and White Matter Neurobiology
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Cited by 21 •
2016
Here we present methodology for the production of a focal stroke in murine white matter by local injection of an irreversible endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) inhibitor (L-Nio). Presented are two stereotactic variations, retrograde neuronal tracing, and fresh tissue labeling and dissection that expand the potential applications of this technique.
FAQs
These regions operate through interconnected neural circuits that exchange signals with one another and with cortical areas. That arrangement allows information to be relayed, filtered, and integrated rather than handled by a single isolated site. In neuroscience, examining these connections helps relate neural activity to coordinated changes in movement, emotion, memory, sleep, cognition, and essential body functions.
The thalamus does more than pass sensory signals onward. It relays and filters those signals as part of communication with cortical areas, making it an important control point for information flow. Studying this role helps explain how sensory processing is organized and how subcortical-cortical communication contributes to cognition and behavior.
Basal ganglia circuits influence action selection through a balance of excitatory and inhibitory signaling. Rather than simply producing movement, these circuits help determine which actions are selected and coordinated. This mechanism gives researchers a framework for examining how neural circuit disruptions can affect motor control, particularly in neuroscience studies of movement-related disorders such as Parkinson’s disease.
Examining these regions links distinct neural functions to broader questions in neuroscience. The hippocampus is relevant to memory, the amygdala to emotion, the hypothalamus to homeostasis, and the brainstem to essential body functions and sleep. Comparing these roles helps researchers study how subcortical activity relates to behavior, cognition, physiological regulation, and sleep-related processes.
Research on sleep and homeostasis benefits from considering circuits rather than isolated structures. The overview’s emphasis on communication among subcortical regions and cortical areas gives neuroscientists a way to connect regulation of essential body functions with broader cognitive and behavioral effects. This systems perspective is useful when asking how coordinated brain processes support stable physiological states and sleep.
Studying disruptions in these circuits can connect altered brain organization with recognizable clinical problems. Parkinson’s disease provides a movement-related context, epilepsy highlights circuit disruption, and memory disorders focus attention on systems supporting memory. Such comparisons help neuroscience research move from identifying affected functions to examining which subcortical and cortical connections may be involved.