Metabolic Stability
Metabolic Stability - Related Videos
05:41
Metabolic Profile Analysis of Zebrafish Embryos
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Cited by 42 •
2013
Zebrafish represent a powerful vertebrate model that has been under-utilised for metabolic studies. Here we describe a rapid way to measure the in vivo metabolic profile of developing zebrafish that allows the comparison of different mitochondrial function parameters between genetically or pharmacologically manipulated embryos, thereby increasing the applicability of this organism.
00:52
What is Metabolism?
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2019
Overview Metabolism represents all of the chemical activity in a cell, including reactions that build molecules (anabolism) and those that break molecules down (catabolism). Anabolic reactions require energy, whereas catabolic reactions provide it. Thus, metabolism describes how cells transform energy through a variety of chemical reactions, which are often made more efficient with the help of enzymes. Metabolism Is the Sum of All of the Chemical Reactions That Take Place in an Organism
03:18
Nuclear Stability
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2020
Protons and neutrons, collectively called nucleons, are packed together tightly in a nucleus. With a radius of about 10−15 meters, a nucleus is quite small compared to the radius of the entire atom, which is about 10−10 meters. Nuclei are extremely dense compared to bulk matter, averaging 1.8 × 1014 grams per cubic centimeter. If the earth’s density were equal to the average nuclear density, the earth’s radius would be only about 200 meters. To hold positively charged protons together in the...
01:53
RNA Stability
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2019
Intact DNA strands can be found in fossils, while scientists sometimes struggle to keep RNA intact under laboratory conditions. The structural variations between RNA and DNA underlie the differences in their stability and longevity. Because DNA is double-stranded, it is inherently more stable. The single-stranded structure of RNA is less stable but also more flexible and can form weak internal bonds. Additionally, most RNAs in the cell are relatively short, while DNA can be up to 250 million...
10:19
An Introduction to Cell Metabolism
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2023
In cells, critical molecules are either built by joining together individual units like amino acids or nucleotides, or broken down into smaller components. Respectively, the reactions responsible for this are referred to as anabolic and catabolic. These reactions require or produce energy typically in the form of a “high-energy” molecule called ATP. Together, these processes make up “Cell Metabolism,” and are hallmarks of healthy, living cells.JoVE’s introduction to cell metabolism briefly...
FAQs
Different enzyme classes create different metabolic outcomes. Cytochrome P450 oxidases, esterases, and conjugation enzymes can each alter a compound through biotransformation, potentially making it easier to eliminate or generating a metabolite that remains biologically active. Identifying which enzymatic route dominates helps explain why a candidate loses activity, persists, or produces activity from a transformed species.
Resistance to enzymatic transformation can support persistence and help preserve a compound’s biological activity, whereas faster conversion may promote elimination and reduce the amount of parent compound available. Measuring the property therefore helps researchers connect enzyme-mediated reactions with expected clearance and exposure. This connection is important when judging whether a candidate can reach its intended site at an effective concentration.
Tracking compound disappearance shows how much parent material remains, while monitoring metabolite formation reveals which transformed products appear. The two readouts answer related but different questions: disappearance indicates loss of the original compound, whereas metabolite data can show whether biotransformation produces products that may retain biological activity. Using both measurements gives a more informative view of the compound’s metabolic behavior.
Researchers evaluate stability by exposing a compound to a biological system, including a liver-derived preparation, under controlled conditions and then measuring change over time. They can quantify either the reduction of the original compound or the appearance of metabolites. Keeping the biological context and experimental conditions controlled makes comparisons between compounds more meaningful during biochemical investigation.
A substantial loss of the original compound over the measurement period indicates that enzymatic biotransformation is removing parent material. Detecting metabolites adds important context, especially when the products may remain biologically active. Together, these findings identify a vulnerability associated with the candidate that can be addressed during optimization and can inform expectations for its clearance.
Stability results help researchers compare candidate compounds and decide which structural features require modification. The data can guide structural optimization, support predictions of clearance and exposure, and reveal metabolic liabilities. By linking enzymatic transformation with the concentration likely to remain available, the analysis supports selecting compounds with a better chance of reaching their intended site at an effective concentration.