Neonatal Physiology
Neonatal Physiology - Related Videos
08:06
Neonatal Subventricular Zone Electroporation
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Cited by 31 •
2013
We demonstrate a minimally invasive technique referred to as neonatal subventricular zone electroporation. The technique consists of injecting plasmid DNA into the lateral ventricles of neonatal pups and applying electrical current to deliver and genetically manipulate neural stem...
13:13
Biochemical Measurement of Neonatal Hypoxia
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Cited by 19 •
2011
A method is described to measure biochemical markers of neonatal hypoxia-ischemia. The approach utilizes high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS).
07:54
Isolation of Neonatal Extrahepatic Cholangiocytes
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Cited by 17 •
2014
A technique to isolate cholangiocytes from the extrahepatic bile ducts of neonatal mice is described. The ducts are meticulously dissected, and then cells are isolated by outgrowth in thick collagen gels. This method provides a useful tool for studying extrahepatic bile duct development and pathology.
05:33
Physiology of the Circulatory System - Concepts
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2019
Homeostasis Conditions in the external environment of an organism can change rapidly and drastically. To survive, organisms must maintain a fairly constant internal environment, which involves continuous regulation of temperature, pH, and other factors. This balanced state is known as homeostasis, which describes the processes by which organisms maintain their optimal internal conditions. To maintain homeostasis, organisms have developed structures with distinct functions. Physiology is the...
07:48
Myocardial Infarction in Neonatal Mice, A Model of Cardiac Regeneration
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Cited by 37 •
2016
This protocol describes a highly reproducible model of cardiac regeneration by surgical induction of myocardial infarction in the left ventricle of postnatal day 1 mice. The method involves induction of hypothermic anesthesia and ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery.
FAQs
At birth, the first effective breaths establish pulmonary gas exchange, while circulation changes after the umbilical cord is separated. These events shift the newborn from placental support toward independent oxygen delivery. Clinically, observing breathing effort and circulatory stability helps determine whether transition is proceeding normally or whether respiratory or cardiovascular support may be needed.
Umbilical cord separation is not an isolated event: it changes the circulatory conditions that accompany the onset of lung function. Vascular resistance also changes during this transition, influencing circulatory stability. These linked mechanisms matter because abnormal adaptation can present as instability rather than as a single-organ problem, guiding clinicians to assess respiratory and cardiovascular findings together.
Temperature regulation, glucose metabolism, and feeding are separate but connected contributors to neonatal homeostasis. A newborn must maintain body temperature, preserve adequate glucose availability, and establish feeding after birth. Disruption in any area can complicate adaptation and may appear clinically as hypothermia, hypoglycemia, or difficulty sustaining nutritional support, especially when physiology is immature.
Clinical assessment uses the expected sequence of adaptation as a reference point rather than treating every early change as disease. Clinicians evaluate breathing, circulation, temperature, glucose-related status, and feeding together, then look for patterns consistent with respiratory distress, circulatory instability, hypothermia, or hypoglycemia. This approach helps separate transitional findings from problems requiring intervention.
Neonatal physiology informs immediate care by linking observed findings to targeted actions. Respiratory findings can prompt attention to breathing and gas exchange, while circulatory findings direct attention to vascular adaptation and stability. Ongoing monitoring extends this assessment to temperature, glucose metabolism, and feeding, supporting decisions about resuscitation, nutritional support, and the need for closer observation.
The same principles apply differently in premature or critically ill infants because developmental differences can alter adaptation and increase the need for clinical support. Assessment therefore does more than document current function: it helps identify which systems are not maintaining homeostasis and informs nutritional support, monitoring, and management. These differences also motivate research into early-life outcomes.