Question 1

What structures make up the external female genitalia?

Accepted Answer

The external female genitalia, collectively called the vulva or pudendum, include the mons pubis, labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, and vestibule. The mons pubis is a rounded fatty section above the pubic symphysis that develops pubic hair after puberty. The labia majora are larger, hair-covered skin folds extending from the mons pubis, while the labia minora are thinner, hairless folds nested within them.

Question 2

What is the function of the labia minora?

Accepted Answer

The labia minora are thinner, more pigmented, and hairless skin folds that protect the vaginal and urethral openings. These structures vary in form and size among individuals. Meeting at the vulva's upper junction, the labia minora also enshroud the clitoris, a sensory-rich organ pivotal for sexual pleasure and orgasm.

Question 3

Where is the vestibule located and what does it contain?

Accepted Answer

The vestibule is a cavity between the labia minora that contains the external openings of the urethra and vagina. The greater vestibular glands, located on either side of the vaginal opening, release mucus that lubricates the vestibule, aiding in copulation. Deeper structures within the vulva include the bulbs of the vestibule and the fourchette.

Question 4

What are the anatomical features of the clitoris?

Accepted Answer

The clitoris is a small protruding structure rich in nerve endings and blood vessels. The visible portion is termed the glans, covered by the prepuce of the clitoris, a skin fold resulting from the fusion of the labia minora folds. The clitoris shares embryonic origins with the glans penis of the male, as shown in the development of the sexual organs in the embryo and fetus.

Question 5

What is the mons pubis and how does it change during puberty?

Accepted Answer

The mons pubis is a rounded fatty section positioned above the pubic symphysis that serves as a cushion of fatty tissue atop the pubic bone. Before puberty, this area is typically hairless. Once puberty sets in, the mons pubis develops pubic hair, marking one of the visible signs of sexual maturation in females.

Question 6

What is the hymen and what is its clinical significance?

Accepted Answer

The hymen is a partial and varied membrane that may cover the vaginal entrance to some degree. It is typically perforated at birth and holds no medical significance in most cases. However, in rare cases of an imperforate hymen, menstrual blood can accumulate in the vaginal canal after puberty, requiring medical intervention.

Question 7

Where are Bartholin's glands located and what do they do?

Accepted Answer

Bartholin's glands, also called the greater vestibular glands, are located on either side of the vaginal opening within the vestibule. These glands release mucus that lubricates the vaginal opening, aiding in copulation. They are situated amid the urethral and anal openings at the entrance to the vagina.

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