3 Prime End
3 Prime End - Related Videos
06:16
Verbal Priming
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2023
Source: Laboratory of Jonathan Flombaum—Johns Hopkins University Human memory seems to work in two broad ways. Like modern computers, the human mind has explicit, or declarative, memory: ask a question, and a person gives the best answer they can. Input a query, and a computer program returns the contents of the relevant parts of its stored memory. Humans also have a second kind of memory system, one not really typical of computers, one that experimental psychologists call implicit. Implicit...
11:05
Production and Administration of Therapeutic Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cell (MSC) Spheroids Primed in 3-D Cultures Under Xeno-free Conditions
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Cited by 21 •
2017
The therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) is well-documented, however the best method of preparing the cells for patients remains controversial. Herein, we communicate protocols to efficiently generate and administer therapeutic spherical aggregates or 'spheroids' of MSCs primed under xeno-free conditions for experimental and clinical applications.
13:54
Tractable Mammalian Cell Infections with Protozoan-primed Bacteria
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Cited by 2 •
2013
This technique provides a method to harvest, normalize and quantify intracellular growth of bacterial pathogens that are pre-cultivated in natural protozoan host cells prior to infections of mammalian cells. This method can be modified to accommodate a wide variety of host cells for the priming stage as well as target cell types.
12:49
Detection of miRNA Targets in High-throughput Using the 3'LIFE Assay
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Cited by 8 •
2015
Luminescent identification of functional elements in 3’ untranslated regions (3’UTRs) (3’LIFE) is a technique to identify functional regulation in 3’UTRs by miRNAs or other regulatory factors. This protocol utilizes high-throughput methodology such as 96-well transfection and luciferase assays to screen hundreds of putative interactions for functional repression.
12:01
3' End Sequencing Library Preparation with A-seq2
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Cited by 9 •
2017
This protocol describes a method for mapping pre-mRNA 3' end processing sites.
FAQs
The 3 prime hydroxyl provides the position where DNA or RNA polymerases add the next nucleotide. This requirement makes strand extension directional rather than random, so newly synthesized nucleic acids grow from their 5 prime end toward their 3 prime end. The orientation is fundamental to accurate replication and transcription.
Because polymerases extend only at the 3 prime hydroxyl, synthesis proceeds in the 5 prime-to-3 prime direction. This directional constraint shapes how genetic information is copied during replication and transcribed into RNA. It also provides a consistent framework for interpreting nucleic acid strands in molecular biology and experimental analysis.
Cleavage, polyadenylation, and other processing events can alter the final structure of a nucleic acid’s 3 prime end. These changes influence how RNA is matured and can affect transcript stability and gene expression. Consequently, the end is not only a site of synthesis but also a regulated feature of gene-product formation.
PCR analysis depends on the directional behavior of nucleic acid synthesis, including nucleotide addition at a strand’s 3 prime hydroxyl. The resulting products reflect this controlled extension process, making end orientation important when interpreting how genetic material is amplified and analyzed. The concept helps connect PCR results with the underlying chemistry of polymerase activity.
In sequencing, the properties of nucleic acid ends contribute to how genetic material is analyzed and interpreted. A correct understanding of the 3 prime end helps researchers relate observed sequences to the direction in which strands are produced. This is especially important when assessing sequence information generated from DNA or RNA.
RNA maturation can include cleavage, polyadenylation, and other modifications at or near the 3 prime end. These events help determine the final transcript structure and can influence transcript stability and gene expression. Examining this end therefore provides biological context for understanding how transcription products are processed and how their behavior may change.