Three Dimensional Models
Three Dimensional Models - Related Videos
02:02
A Three-Dimensional Co-culture Model of Infiltrating T Cells in Tumor Spheroids
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2025
This video demonstrates a method to establish a three-dimensional tumor spheroid and T cell co-culture. An agarose cast with microwells containing tumor spheroids is prepared, followed by the addition of T cells. After incubation, this setup allows studying the interaction of T cells with tumor spheroids in a controlled three-dimensional environment.
07:39
Basic Three-Dimensional (3D) Intestinal Model System with an Immune Component
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Cited by 5 •
2023
Here we describe constructing a basic three-dimensional (3D) intestinal cell line model system and a paraffin embedding protocol for light microscopic evaluation of fixed intestinal equivalents. Staining of selected proteins permits the analysis of multiple visual parameters from a single experiment for potential use in preclinical drug screening studies.
08:39
Three-dimensional Co-culture Model for Tumor-stromal Interaction
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Cited by 14 •
2015
Here we present a protocol to co-culture in three-dimensions, which is useful for investigating multicellular interactions and extracellular matrix-dependent modulation of cancer cell behavior. In this experimental model, cancer cells are cultured on collagen gels embedded with human cancer-associated fibroblasts.
09:58
Investigating the Three-dimensional Flow Separation Induced by a Model Vocal Fold Polyp
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Cited by 2 •
2014
Vocal fold polyps can disrupt vocal fold dynamics and thus can have devastating consequences on a patient's ability to communicate. Three-dimensional flow separation induced by a wall-mounted model polyp and its impact on the wall pressure loading are examined using particle image velocimetry, skin friction line visualization, and wall pressure measurements.
07:08
Modeling and Imaging 3-Dimensional Collective Cell Invasion
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Cited by 20 •
2011
Models of tumor cell invasion into three-dimensional extracellular matrix better reflect the in vivo situation than two-dimensional motility assays. Using matrix invasion assays combined with confocal imaging of fluorescently-labeled cells, detailed information on invasion modes and the distinct contributions of leading versus following cells can be obtained.
FAQs
Three-dimensional models begin with CT or MRI data that capture anatomy as spatially organized image information. That dataset is processed into layered, manipulable reconstructions, allowing structures to be examined beyond individual scan views. When a tangible representation is needed, the reconstruction can be fabricated with materials such as polymers, linking digital analysis with physical examination.
Viewing anatomy from multiple perspectives can make complex arrangements easier to examine than relying on a single orientation. This matters when learners, clinicians, or researchers need to understand how structures fit together in space. The resulting perspective supports clearer anatomical interpretation and can inform planning, simulation, and communication without changing the underlying source data.
Digital versions are layered and manipulable, so users can examine reconstructed anatomy through spatial views. Physical versions provide a tangible form that can be inspected directly and fabricated from materials such as polymers. The choice therefore depends on whether the task benefits more from flexible digital examination or from handling a visible representation during education, planning, or medical-device design.
Polymers provide one option for turning a digital reconstruction into a physical model. Their role is not to generate the anatomical information; imaging data and subsequent processing supply that structure. Instead, the material gives researchers and clinicians a tangible form for examining spatial relationships, teaching anatomy, planning procedures, or developing medical devices.
A typical workflow starts by obtaining CT or MRI scans, processing the imaging data, and producing a layered reconstruction. The result may remain digital for manipulation or be fabricated into a physical form. In medicine, the final model is then selected for a purpose such as anatomical instruction, procedure planning, device design, or patient communication.
Medical teams can use these models before a surgical procedure to inspect anatomy from multiple perspectives and support planning. The same approach can help simulate aspects of procedures and present anatomy in a form that is easier to discuss with patients. This connects scan-derived information with preparation and explanation, extending the model’s role beyond representation to practical clinical use.
A reconstruction can show relevant anatomy in its spatial arrangement, giving designers a reference for developing medical devices. Because the model can be digital or physically fabricated, the design process can use either manipulable views or a tangible form. This supports device development that is informed by anatomical structure rather than by abstract geometry alone.
Researchers can apply them to study disease, simulate procedures, and investigate more personalized approaches to diagnosis and treatment. The model supplies a spatial representation that can be examined or manipulated while focusing on a biological system or clinical problem. These uses extend the method from depicting anatomy to supporting questions about disease and possible care strategies.