Lower Limb Movements
Lower Limb Movements - Related Videos
05:25
An Experiment Using Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Robot-Assisted Multi-Joint Pointing Movements of the Lower Limb
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Cited by 1 •
2024
It is estimated that 1 in 6 individuals worldwide will have a stroke in their lifetime, causing long-term disability, whose rehabilitation mechanisms are still poorly understood. This study proposes a protocol to evaluate brain activation by functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) during a lower limb robotic therapy session.
09:24
Effect of Change of Direction (COD) Movement on Plantar Pressure and Foot Balance in Bilateral Limbs
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2026
This protocol details a standardized approach to quantify plantar pressure distribution, foot balance, and foot axis angle during 45° change-of-direction tasks using a Footscan pressure plate, enabling reproducible assessment of bilateral limb loading patterns at a controlled approach speed.
08:16
Movement Retraining using Real-time Feedback of Performance
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Cited by 4 •
2013
Retraining abnormal movement patterns following injury or disease is a key component of physical rehabilitation. Recent advances in technology have permitted accurate assessment of movement during a variety of tasks, with near instantaneous quantification of results. This provides new opportunities for modification of faulty movement patterns in real time.
08:06
Eye Movement Monitoring of Memory
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Cited by 10 •
2010
Eye movement monitoring (or eye tracking) reveals where in space the eyes linger, when and for how long. Here, we demonstrate how eye tracking can be used to investigate the integrity of memory in multiple participant populations, without requiring verbal, or otherwise explicit, reports.
07:24
A Method for Quantifying Upper Limb Performance in Daily Life Using Accelerometers
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Cited by 98 •
2017
This protocol describes a method to quantify upper limb performance in daily life using wrist-worn accelerometers.
FAQs
Control is distributed across several levels of the nervous system. Cortical motor areas contribute motor commands, brainstem pathways relay and shape those commands, and spinal circuits organize activation patterns for the limbs. Peripheral nerves carry signals to skeletal muscles, allowing hip, knee, ankle, and foot actions to be coordinated rather than produced as isolated joint movements.
Sensory feedback from muscles, joints, and skin continuously informs the nervous system about force, timing, and joint position. This information allows ongoing motor commands to be adjusted as the body moves. Such corrections help maintain posture and balance while supporting adaptable locomotion, including changes required during walking, running, or stepping.
Rhythmic pattern-generating networks in the spinal cord help organize the repeated activity needed for locomotion. They operate within a larger control system that includes cortical motor areas, brainstem pathways, sensory feedback, and peripheral nerves. Their contribution is especially relevant to understanding how stepping-related patterns are produced and modified during movement.
These neural levels contribute complementary forms of control rather than acting independently. Cortical motor areas provide higher-level motor commands, brainstem pathways participate in transmitting and shaping control, and spinal circuits help organize movement patterns. Feedback from the limbs then informs the system, supporting appropriate force, timing, and joint positioning during coordinated actions.
Analysis can reveal how motor commands, spinal circuits, sensory feedback, and peripheral nerves interact to produce coordinated actions. Researchers can use this information to examine posture, balance, and locomotion, while also identifying which parts of motor control may be disrupted. The approach therefore connects observable movement with underlying nervous-system function.
Lower limb movement studies help assess impairments associated with stroke, spinal cord injury, neurodegenerative disease, and peripheral nerve damage. Examining changes in walking, running, stepping, balance, or joint control can provide insight into disrupted communication among the brain, spinal cord, sensory systems, and muscles. These observations support investigation of motor-control deficits across different conditions.