Solvent Quench Bath
Solvent Quench Bath - Related Videos
10:57
Quenching and Boiling
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2023
Source: Alexander S Rattner, Sanjay Adhikari, and Mahdi Nabil; Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA Controlled heating followed by rapid cooling is an important element of many materials processing applications. This heat-treating procedure can increase material hardness, which is important for cutting tools or surfaces in high wear environments. The rapid cooling stage is called quenching, and is often performed by immersing...
06:43
Rotary Evaporation to Remove Solvent
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2023
Source: Dr. Melanie Pribisko Yen and Grace Tang — California Institute of Technology Rotary evaporation is a technique most commonly used in organic chemistry to remove a solvent from a higher-boiling point compound of interest. The rotary evaporator, or "rotovap", was invented in 1950 by the chemist Lyman C. Craig. The primary use of a rotovap is to dry and purify samples for downstream applications. Its speed and ability to handle large volumes of solvent make rotary evaporation a preferred...
01:12
Solvents
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2019
A solvent is a substance, most often a liquid, that can dissolve other substances. Here, the substance being dissolved is called a solute. When a solvent and a solute combine, they form a solution - a homogenous mixture of both the solvent and the solute. Water is a universal biological solvent. Its polar structure allows it to dissolve many other polar compounds. The ability of water to dissolve is governed by a balance between water molecules binding to each other and binding to the solute. A...
09:41
Schlenk Lines Transfer of Solvents
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2023
Source: Hsin-Chun Chiu and Tyler J. Morin, laboratory of Dr. Ian Tonks—University of Minnesota Twin Cities Schlenk lines and high vacuum lines are both used to exclude moisture and oxygen from reactions by running reactions under a slight overpressure of inert gas (usually N2 or Ar) or under vacuum. Vacuum transfer has been developed as a method separate solvents (other volatile reagents) from drying agents (or other nonvolatile agents) and dispense them to reaction or storage vessels while...
08:13
Preparation of Biopolymer Aerogels Using Green Solvents
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Cited by 44 •
2016
A new way for the production of biopolymer-based aerogels by carbon dioxide (CO2) induced gelation is shown. The technique utilizes pressurized carbon dioxide (5 MPa) for the production of biopolymer hydrogels and supercritical CO2 (12 MPa) to convert gels into aerogels. The only solvents needed besides CO2 are water and ethanol.
FAQs
Solvent exchange creates the concentration changes that destabilize the polymer solution. Solvent moves out of the entering polymer phase while the compatible nonsolvent moves inward, reducing the polymer’s solubility and promoting precipitation. Under these conditions, phase separation can occur, and the separated regions may develop into pores that define the material’s internal architecture.
Bath composition, temperature, and immersion time regulate the extent and rate of solvent exchange. Changing the quenching liquid can alter how quickly precipitation begins, while temperature affects transport during the exchange. Immersion time determines how far the process proceeds. Together, these variables influence pore formation, morphology, and the resulting material properties.
Phase separation determines how polymer-rich and polymer-poor regions develop during solidification. The polymer-rich regions contribute to the continuous material structure, while polymer-poor regions can become pores. Their resulting arrangement affects morphology and mass transport, so controlling this stage helps researchers balance structural definition with properties needed for bioengineering applications.
A polymer solution is first brought into contact with the selected bath, typically by entering or immersing it in the quenching liquid. Solvent then diffuses outward as bath liquid diffuses inward, initiating precipitation and phase separation. Researchers control the bath composition, temperature, and immersion time, then evaluate the resulting solid architecture and material properties.
This approach is useful when a project requires a porous scaffold, membrane, or other biomaterial architecture with tunable morphology. Because solvent exchange controls solidification, researchers can investigate how processing conditions affect pore structure, mass transport, and mechanical performance. These outcomes help assess whether the fabricated material is appropriate for a tissue-engineering application.
The finished material can be examined for its morphology, pore formation, mass-transport behavior, and mechanical performance. Comparing samples produced under different bath conditions reveals how solvent exchange affected solidification and internal structure. Such comparisons provide a basis for judging the material’s suitability for tissue engineering and for refining the fabrication conditions.