Physiological Models
Physiological Models - Related Videos
01:09
Clearance Models: Physiological Models
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2025
Drug clearance is a critical pharmacokinetic process involving the irreversible removal of drugs from the body through various organs over a specified time period. Physiological models are indispensable in determining organ-specific clearance, defined by the proportion of the drug eliminated per unit of time from the organ's blood volume. The organ's clearance rate depends on the blood flow to the organ and the extraction ratio (E). The extraction ratio describes the organ's proficiency in drug...
08:28
Experimental Models for Study of Retinal Pigment Epithelial Physiology and Pathophysiology
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Cited by 31 •
2010
We provide a reproducible method for culturing confluent monolayers of human fetal retinal pigment epithelial cells (hfRPE) cells that exhibit morphology, physiology, polarity, and protein and gene expression patterns of adult native tissue. This work has been extended to an animal model of several eye diseases.
01:15
Model Approaches for Pharmacokinetic Data: Physiological Models
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2025
Physiological models in pharmacokinetics are instrumental in understanding the distribution and elimination of drugs within the body. These models describe the drug concentration within target organs, influenced by factors such as drug uptake, tissue volume, and blood flow. Drug uptake is governed by the partition coefficient, which signifies the drug concentration ratio in tissue to that in the blood. The blood flow rate to a specific tissue is expressed as Qt, and the rate of change in tissue...
07:23
Culture of Murine Embryonic Metatarsals: A Physiological Model of Endochondral Ossification
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Cited by 24 •
2016
We present a protocol to dissect and culture embryonic day 15 (E15) murine metatarsal bones. This highly physiological ex vivo model of endochondral ossification provides conditions closer to the in vivo situation than cells in monolayer or 3D culture and is a vital tool for investigating bone growth and development.
05:33
Physiology of the Circulatory System - Concepts
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2019
Homeostasis Conditions in the external environment of an organism can change rapidly and drastically. To survive, organisms must maintain a fairly constant internal environment, which involves continuous regulation of temperature, pH, and other factors. This balanced state is known as homeostasis, which describes the processes by which organisms maintain their optimal internal conditions. To maintain homeostasis, organisms have developed structures with distinct functions. Physiology is the...
FAQs
They represent interactions at several biological levels rather than treating each measurement in isolation. A model can link organ function with cellular activity and regulatory feedback, then relate those mechanisms to observable outcomes such as blood flow, gas exchange, or electrical signaling. This multilevel structure helps researchers examine how changes in one part of a system may influence the whole physiological response.
Feedback control allows a model to represent how biological systems regulate their own activity under defined conditions. Including these relationships helps explain normal physiology and disease-related changes, because a disturbed regulatory process can alter downstream measurements. In clinical research, this representation supports interpretation of complex data and helps evaluate how a treatment or other intervention may change system behavior.
Mathematical models express physiological relationships with equations, computational models simulate system behavior, and experimental models examine biological processes under controlled conditions. These approaches can address different stages of a research question: describing mechanisms, exploring predicted responses, or testing hypotheses against observations. Their shared value is connecting biological processes with measurable outcomes before or during clinical investigation.
The relevant biological interactions and the conditions under which they operate must be defined clearly. Conditions determine how processes such as blood flow, gas exchange, electrical signaling, or feedback control are represented and interpreted. Keeping those conditions explicit makes it possible to relate model outputs to clinical measurements and to judge whether predictions apply to the physiological situation being studied.
A typical workflow identifies the physiological process of interest, represents its relevant interactions, and specifies the conditions for analysis or experimentation. Researchers then examine model outputs alongside complex clinical measurements, use the comparison to evaluate a hypothesis, and assess predicted responses before clinical testing. This sequence turns mechanistic assumptions into results that can inform further investigation.
Physiological models can support diagnosis, therapy design, medical-device development, and personalized approaches to patient care. Their role differs by application: they may help interpret measurements, anticipate responses to treatment, examine device-related physiological behavior, or connect mechanisms with outcomes for an individual patient. These uses provide a way to investigate clinical strategies before applying them in clinical settings.