Iontophoresis
Iontophoresis - Related Videos
07:08
Fast Micro-iontophoresis of Glutamate and GABA: A Useful Tool to Investigate Synaptic Integration
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Cited by 8 •
2013
In this article we introduce fast micro-iontophoresis of neurotransmitters as a technique to investigate integration of postsynaptic signals with high spatial and temporal precision.
03:01
Characterizing Extracellular Space in a Brain Slice Using Ion-Selective and Iontophoresis Microelectrodes
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2025
This video demonstrates how to characterize the extracellular space in a brain slice by using ion-selective and iontophoresis microelectrodes to measure and compare electrical signals. This process helps determine the space's volume fraction and degree of twisting.
07:29
Three Different Protocols of Corneal Collagen Crosslinking in Keratoconus: Conventional, Accelerated and Iontophoresis
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Cited by 30 •
2015
Corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) is the only conservative treatment currently available to halt keratoconus progression by improving the biomechanical rigidity of the corneal stroma. The aim of this manuscript is to highlight the methods of three different protocols of CXL: conventional CXL (C-CXL), accelerated CXL (A-CXL), and iontophoresis CXL (I-CXL).
04:19
Visualizing Astrocyte Morphology Using Fluorescent Dye Iontophoresis in a Fixed Mouse Brain Slice
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2025
Source: Moye, S. L., et.al. Visualizing Astrocyte Morphology Using Lucifer Yellow Iontophoresis. J. Vis. Exp. (2019). This video demonstrates the use of fluorescent dye iontophoresis to study astrocyte morphology in fixed brain slices. It details the piercing of the astrocyte soma with an electrode to deliver an anionic, hydrophilic dye into the cytoplasm under a low-voltage current, enabling the dye to diffuse and label the soma and branches. Confocal microscopy is then used to visualize the...
10:45
Real-time Iontophoresis with Tetramethylammonium to Quantify Volume Fraction and Tortuosity of Brain Extracellular Space
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Cited by 29 •
2017
This protocol describes real-time iontophoresis, a method that measures physical parameters of the extracellular space (ECS) of living brains. The diffusion of an inert molecule released into the ECS is used to calculate the ECS volume fraction and tortuosity. It is ideal for studying acute reversible changes to brain ECS.
FAQs
Electrical polarity provides the driving force for transporting an ionized substance. A charged molecule is repelled by an electrode carrying the same polarity, encouraging movement away from that electrode and toward the skin. This electrorepulsion helps direct the substance through the stratum corneum rather than relying solely on passive diffusion.
The stratum corneum is the outer skin layer that the transported substance must cross before reaching underlying tissue or sweat glands. Applying a controlled low current helps move ionized molecules through this barrier. Overcoming that barrier is central to achieving localized delivery and to stimulating sweat when the technique is used diagnostically.
A controlled low electrical current regulates the driving force applied during treatment. This allows ionized substances to be transported through the skin while supporting a noninvasive approach. Current control is relevant to both therapeutic delivery and diagnostic testing because the technique must direct substances or stimulate sweat without using injections.
The process uses electrodes, an ionized substance when drug delivery is intended, and a controlled low electrical current. The electrodes are positioned to establish the required polarity, then the current drives the charged substance through the stratum corneum into underlying tissue. For diagnostic use, the setup can instead support sweat stimulation.
Medical teams may use iontophoresis to administer anti-inflammatory or anesthetic agents to a targeted area. Transport through the skin can support localized therapy while reducing reliance on injections and limiting systemic exposure. This makes the technique relevant when treatment goals focus on a particular region rather than delivery throughout the body.
Its applications extend beyond drug delivery. Iontophoresis can stimulate sweat for diagnostic testing associated with cystic fibrosis, providing sweat for evaluation. It can also be used in treating excessive sweating. These uses show how the same current-and-electrode approach can support either measurement-related sweat production or a therapeutic goal.