Transmitter Activation
Transmitter Activation - Related Videos
09:11
Implantation of Radiotelemetry Transmitters Yielding Data on ECG, Heart Rate, Core Body Temperature and Activity in Free-moving Laboratory Mice
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Cited by 56 •
2011
A surgical technique for implantation of commercially available telemetry transmitters used for continuous measurement of biopotential (one-lead ECG), heart rate, core body temperature and locomotor activity in freely moving mice is shown. Recommendations and protocols for post-operative care and pain relief, improving recovery, well being and survival rate are also presented.
08:43
Long-term Continuous EEG Monitoring in Small Rodent Models of Human Disease Using the Epoch Wireless Transmitter System
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Cited by 26 •
2015
Here we demonstrate the use of a wireless enabling technology for electroencephalogram (EEG) in neonatal rodent models of human disease. With telemetry, there are no encumbering connections, thus allowing natural behaviors.
09:24
Repeated Measurement of Respiratory Muscle Activity and Ventilation in Mouse Models of Neuromuscular Disease
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Cited by 8 •
2017
This paper introduces a method for repeated measurements of ventilation and respiratory muscle activity in a freely behaving amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) mouse model throughout disease progression with whole-body plethysmography and electromyography via an implanted telemetry device.
07:46
Using the Activity-based Anorexia Rodent Model to Study the Neurobiological Basis of Anorexia Nervosa
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Cited by 42 •
2015
Here we present a protocol to induce activity-based anorexia (ABA) in female adolescent mice. ABA is a condition of hyperactivity evoked by imposing food restriction on rodents with access to a running wheel. This phenomenon is being used as a model to study the underlying neurobiology of anorexia nervosa.
09:56
Implantation of Combined Telemetric ECG and Blood Pressure Transmitters to Determine Spontaneous Baroreflex Sensitivity in Conscious Mice
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Cited by 4 •
2021
The baroreflex is a heart-rate regulation mechanism by the autonomic nervous system in response to blood-pressure changes. We describe a surgical technique to implant telemetry transmitters for continuous and simultaneous measurement of electrocardiogram and blood pressure in mice. This can determine spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity, an important prognostic marker for cardiovascular disease.
FAQs
Calcium influx provides the immediate link between electrical activity and vesicle fusion. When voltage-gated calcium channels open at a depolarized presynaptic terminal, entering calcium triggers synaptic vesicles to merge with the membrane. This step determines whether an action potential produces transmitter release, making calcium-channel activity central to analyzing changes in synaptic communication.
Receptor binding converts a chemical signal in the synaptic cleft into a change in the receiving cell. Depending on the transmitter and receptor-mediated effect, postsynaptic activity may increase or decrease. This distinction allows the same general communication sequence to support different circuit outcomes, including excitation or inhibition of neurons and other target cells.
Excitatory and inhibitory signaling differ in their effect on postsynaptic activity, not in the need for a communication sequence. Both depend on transmitter release and receptor binding, but one produces an increase and the other a decrease in activity. Recognizing this contrast helps researchers interpret how individual synapses contribute to overall neural-circuit function.
Researchers can track the event from presynaptic electrical change to postsynaptic response: action-potential depolarization, opening of voltage-gated calcium channels, calcium entry, vesicle fusion, transmitter binding, and the resulting excitatory or inhibitory change. This ordered framework separates release mechanisms from receptor effects and provides a conceptual workflow for studying synaptic transmission in neuroscience.
Transmitter activation is relevant whenever a drug is being studied for its ability to modify brain function through transmitter signaling. The sequence identifies several functional points for consideration, including presynaptic release and postsynaptic receptor effects. Relating a drug’s influence to these stages helps connect molecular action with changes in neural communication.
Altered transmitter signaling connects cellular events with larger nervous-system outcomes. Changes in release, receptor-mediated effects, or the balance between excitation and inhibition can frame investigations of neurological and psychiatric disorders. The same framework supports neural-circuit analysis by asking how individual communication events influence activity across connected cells.