Name: thermal equilibrium and the zeroth law
Uploaded: 2025-05-22T09:05:48.000Z
Duration: 1 min 14 s
Channel: JoVE

K12 Standards

Louisiana Student Standards for Science

High School

Chemistry

Energy

HS-PS3-4

Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics

열역학의 제0법칙은 두 물체가 세 번째 물체와 열 평형 상태에 있으면 서로 열 평형 상태에 있다는 것입니다.
이것을 실험적으로 이해하기 위해 세 가지 다른 온도에서 물로 채워진 세 개의 비커를 고려하십시오.
비커 A를 B와 연결하고 비커 B를 C와 연결하면 열 전달이 발생합니다.
일정 시간이 지나면 비커 A의 물은 비커 B의 물과 함께 열평형 상태에 도달하고 비커 B의 물은 비커 C의 물과 평형 상태에 도달합니다.
비커의 온도를 기록하면 세 개의 비커 모두에서 균일한 온도가 관찰되며, 이는 열역학의 0법칙에 해당합니다.
열역학 제0법칙의 가장 중요한 응용은 다양한 유형의 온도계입니다.
온도계를 사용하여 신체의 온도를 측정할 때 자체 온도를 변화시켜 열 평형을 이룹니다.
따라서 측정된 신체의 온도는 실제로 온도계의 온도입니다.

<ol>
	<li>오픈스택스. (2019). 대학 물리학 Vol. 2. [웹 버전]. 원본 주소 <a href="https://openstax.org/books/university-physics-volume-2/pages/1-1-temperature-and-thermal-equilibrium">https://openstax.org/books/university-physics-volume-2/pages/1-1-temperature-and-thermal-equilibrium</a></li>
</ol>

열역학 제0법칙

실험적으로 A 물체가 B 물체와 평형을 이루고 B 물체가 C 물체와 평형을 이루고 있는 경우 em>이면 A 객체는 C 객체와 평형 상태에 있습니다. 이러한 전이성에 대한 설명을 '열역학 제0법칙'이라고 합니다. 예를 들어 차가운 금속 블록과 뜨거운 금속 블록은 모두 실온에서 금속판 위에 놓여 있습니다. 결국, 콜드 블록과 플레이트는 열 평형 상태에 있게 됩니다. 또한, 핫 블록과 플레이트는 열 평형 상태에 있게 됩니다. 제0법칙에 의해 차가운 블록과 뜨거운 블록도 열평형 상태에 있다는 결론을 내릴 수 있습니다.

영국의 물리학자 랠프 파울러(Ralph Fowler)는 1930년대에 숫자 '0'을 제안했습니다. 그 당시 열역학 제1법칙, 제2법칙, 제3법칙은 이미 명명되고 번호가 매겨져 있었습니다. 제0법칙은 거의 언급되지 않았지만 다른 법칙보다 먼저 논의되어야 했기 때문에 파울러는 그 숫자를 더 줄였습니다.

이제 A가 온도계인 경우를 생각해 보세요. 제0법칙에 따르면 A가 B와 평형 상태에 있을 때 특정 온도를 읽고 C와 접촉하면 C와 에너지를 교환하지 않습니다. 따라서 온도 판독값은 동일하게 유지됩니다. 즉, 두 물체가 열평형 상태에 있으면 온도가 같습니다.

실험적으로, 객체 A가 객체 B와 평형 상태에 있고 객체 B가 객체 C와 평형 상태에 있다면, 객체 A는 객체 C와 평형 상태에 있습니다.

Education

교육

JoVE Core

Physics

물리학

Unit 1

제1단원

Temperature and Heat

온도와 열

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

주요 용어 및 개념

thermal equilibrium and the zeroth law

The zeroth law of thermodynamics explains thermal equilibrium between objects. If object A is in equilibrium with object B, and object B is in equilibrium with object C, then object A is also in equilibrium with object C. This transitive relationship is the key idea behind the law.

A simple example uses metal blocks and a metal plate at room temperature. A cold metal block and a hot metal block are both placed on the plate. Over time, the cold block and the plate reach thermal equilibrium, and the hot block and the plate do too. By the zeroth law, the cold block and the hot block are then also in thermal equilibrium.

The law also helps explain how thermometers work. If a thermometer is in equilibrium with one object and then placed in contact with another object, it will not exchange energy with that object if their temperatures match. Its reading stays the same. In other words, two objects in thermal equilibrium have the same temperature.

The name zeroth law was suggested by British physicist Ralph Fowler in the 1930s. By then, the first, second, and third laws of thermodynamics had already been named. The zeroth law was less often stated, but it had to be discussed before the others, so Fowler gave it the smaller number.

Thermal Equilibrium and the Zeroth Law

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zeroth law of thermodynamics

The zeroth law of thermodynamics explains thermal equilibrium between objects. If object A is in equilibrium with object B, and object B is in equilibrium with object C, then object A is also in equilibrium with object C. This transitive relationship is the key idea behind the law. A simple example uses metal blocks and a metal plate at room temperature. A cold metal block and a hot metal block are both placed on the plate. Over time, the cold block and the plate reach thermal equilibrium, and...

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Thermal Equilibrium and the Zeroth Law | JoVE K12

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HS-PS3-6

Thermal Equilibrium and the Zeroth Law

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