Name: how selection shapes mate choice
Uploaded: 2024-10-24T14:03:06.000Z
Duration: 1 min 6 s
Channel: JoVE

K12 Standards

Louisiana Student Standards for Science

High School

Life Sciences

Biological Evolution: Unity And Diversity

HS-LS4-2

Natural Selection and Mating Preferences

자연선택의 원리는 환경에 더 잘 적응한 유기체가 생존하고 번식할 가능성이 더 높다는 것을 시사합니다.
진화 심리학자들은 수컷과 암컷 사이의 짝짓기 행동의 차이를 설명하기 위해 성 선택의 원리를 사용합니다.
성 선택의 하위 집합인 짝짓기 선호도는 번식 성공에 영향을 미칩니다. 개인은 종종 좋은 건강, 유전적 적합성 또는 유리한 특성을 나타내는 신체적 특성에 따라 짝을 선택합니다. 이러한 선호는 개체군 내에서 특정 특성 집합의 확산으로 이어질 수 있습니다.
일반적으로 암컷은 새끼를 임신하고, 낳고, 잠재적으로 젖을 먹이려는 생물학적 욕구를 가지고 있기 때문에 안정성과 보호를 제공할 수 있는 짝을 선호합니다.
진화 심리학은 인간 행동을 이해하기 위한 하나의 틀을 제공하지만, 인간의 성적 및 사회적 행동의 복잡성을 완전히 포착하지는 못합니다.

자연선택과 짝짓기 선호도

자연선택의 원리는 환경에 더 잘 적응한 유기체가 생존하고 번식할 가능성이 더 높다고 가정합니다. 이 원리는 성 선택의 핵심 측면인 짝짓기 선호도와 밀접하게 얽혀 있으며, 진화 심리학자들은 이것이 유전자를 전파하려는 본능에 의해 주도된다고 믿습니다. 이러한 본능은 성별 간의 짝짓기 행동과 선호도에 상당한 영향을 미칩니다.

암컷은 임신, 수유, 수유라는 생물학적 역할로 인해 본질적으로 안정성과 보호를 제공할 수 있는 짝을 찾는 것을 우선시합니다. 이러한 선호도는 자손의 생존과 유전적 유산의 지속을 보장해야 할 필요성에서 비롯됩니다. 매끄러운 피부와 젊은 체격과 같은 보편적으로 가치 있는 특성은 다양한 문화와 시대에 걸쳐 건강과 번식력의 지표로 인식되어 자연 선택과 성적 매력에서 중요성을 반영합니다.

반면 남성은 일반적으로 높은 출산율과 이전 출산 횟수가 적은 허리-엉덩이 비율을 가진 여성을 선호합니다. 이러한 선호도는 건강한 자손을 여러 명 낳을 수 있는 파트너를 선택하여 유전자를 전달할 가능성을 최대화하려는 생식 전략과 일치합니다.

매력 패턴은 또한 연령에 따라 달라지며, 개인의 일생 동안 변화하는 생식 전략을 반영합니다. 십 대 소년은 종종 자신보다 몇 살 많은 여성을 선호하는데, 이는 이 여성들이 생식력이 가장 강하기 때문일 가능성이 높습니다. 반면, 20대 중반의 남성은 보통 동료를 선호하는 반면, 나이 든 남성은 일반적으로 이 여성들의 더 높은 잠재적 생식력에 영향을 받아 젊은 여성을 선호합니다.

자연선택과 짝짓기 선호도 사이의 상호작용은 지구상의 생명체의 다양성을 촉진하여 세대를 거쳐 유전적 특성, 신체적 외모, 행동 및 생태적 관계를 형성합니다. 이러한 메커니즘을 통해 종은 환경에 더 잘 적응하고, 배우자를 끌어들이고, 자손의 생존을 보장하여 생명의 순환을 영속시킵니다.

자연선택의 원리는 환경에 더 잘 적응한 유기체가 생존하고 번식할 가능성이 더 높다는 것을 시사합니다.
진화적인...

Education

교육

JoVE Core

Introduction to Psychology

심리학 개론

Unit 1

제1단원

Biopsychology

생물심리학

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

주요 용어 및 개념

how selection shapes mate choice

Natural selection and mating preferences work together to shape how organisms survive and reproduce. Natural selection favors traits that help an organism fit its environment. Mating preferences are part of sexual selection, which influences who mates with whom and how genes are passed on.

Evolutionary psychologists argue that these preferences are tied to instincts that support reproduction. For females, conception, pregnancy, and nursing create a strong need to choose mates who can offer stability and protection. This choice helps improve the chances that offspring will survive and that a genetic line will continue.

Some traits are widely seen as attractive because they suggest health and fertility. Smooth skin and a youthful body are examples that have been valued across different cultures and time periods. These features are often linked to reproductive fitness, which makes them important in mate choice.

Male preferences also reflect reproductive strategy. Males often prefer women with a waist-to-hip ratio that suggests high fertility and fewer previous childbirths. This preference can increase the chance of selecting a partner who can produce multiple healthy offspring.

Attraction also changes with age. Teenage boys often prefer women who are several years older, likely because those women are at a peak reproductive age. Men in their mid-twenties usually prefer peers, while older men generally prefer younger women because younger women may have higher fertility potential.

Together, natural selection and mating preferences help explain the variety of life on Earth. They shape physical traits, behavior, and ecological relationships across generations. Over time, these forces help species adapt to their environment, attract mates, and support the survival of offspring.

How Selection Shapes Mate Choice

introduction to biological bases of psychology

introduction-to-biological-bases-of-psychology

Biological Factors Shaping Behavior and Mind

Biopsychology connects biology and psychology by showing how the body influences behavior and mental processes. It focuses on the nervous system, neurotransmitters, hormones, genetics, and evolutionary ideas. Together, these areas help explain why people think, feel, and act the way they do. The nervous system is the main foundation of biopsychology. It has two parts: the central nervous system, or CNS, and the peripheral nervous system, or PNS. The CNS includes the brain and spinal cord and...

nervous system

Nervous System: CNS, PNS, and Reflexes

The nervous system helps the body sense, move, and respond. It works through a network of nerve cells that carry signals around the body. This system has two main parts: the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system. The central nervous system, or CNS, includes the brain and spinal cord. The brain acts as the body’s control center. It processes sensory information and helps coordinate responses. The spinal cord serves as a major pathway for signals between the brain and the rest...

neurons as communicators of the brain

Neuron Parts and Signal Transmission

Neurons are the cells that carry information through the brain and nervous system. They use electrical and chemical signals to help control body functions, from heartbeat regulation to complex thinking. Their structure is built for fast, efficient communication. The cell body, or soma, is the neuron’s control center. It contains the nucleus, which holds the cell’s genetic material and helps maintain the neuron’s health and function. The cytoplasm around it contains organelles that make...

neuronal communication

How Neurons Send Signals

Neurons send signals through electrochemical communication that supports brain and nervous system function. A key part of this process is the action potential, a rapid electrical change that starts when the neuron’s internal charge rises above a threshold. That signal then travels along the axon to the axon terminal, where it is ready to pass to another neuron. The connection point between two neurons is called a synapse. Synapses can be electrical or chemical, and each type moves information...

neurotransmitters

Brain Chemicals That Shape Mood and Movement

Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that help neurons communicate. They play a major role in nervous system function, as well as in mood, movement, sleep, and social behavior. Serotonin is made in the brain and intestines. It is linked to well-being and happiness, and it helps regulate mood, appetite, and sleep. When serotonin levels are out of balance in the brain or in peripheral sites, depression and sleep problems can occur. Dopamine is produced in several brain areas, including the...

cerebral hemispheres

How the Brain’s Two Halves Work

The brain’s two cerebral hemispheres work together to process information and control the body. The left and right hemispheres are linked by the corpus callosum, a large bundle of nerve fibers. This connection lets the two sides share sensory and motor information, with each hemisphere controlling the opposite side of the body. The hemispheres are also specialized for different tasks. This is called lateralization, which means certain functions are handled more strongly by one side than the...

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How Brain Lobes Shape Perception

The cerebral cortex is divided into two hemispheres, and each hemisphere has four lobes: frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital. Together, these lobes support the brain’s main cognitive and sensory jobs. They work as a team to help you think, feel, move, and respond to the world. The frontal lobe sits behind the forehead and acts as a control center for personality, intelligence, and voluntary muscle movement. It also contains the prefrontal cortex, a region that helps with planning,...

spinal cord

Spinal Cord Nerves and Reflexes

The spinal cord is a major part of the central nervous system. It runs from the base of the brainstem to the lumbar region of the vertebral column. It helps keep the body stable and carries signals between the brain and the rest of the body. The spinal cord sits inside the bony spine for protection. It is divided into 30 segments that match the vertebrae. Each segment connects to a specific body region through paired spinal nerves. These spinal nerves are grouped by where they leave the...

lateralization

Brain Hemisphere Specialization

Brain hemisphere specialization divides mental tasks between the left and right sides of the brain. This split can improve neural efficiency and support more complex human abilities. Each hemisphere tends to handle the work it does best, which helps cognitive processing run more smoothly. The left hemisphere is especially strong in logic and language-related tasks. It supports analytical thinking, which means breaking a problem into parts and solving it step by step. This is important for...

human genetics

Genes, Behavior, and Mental Health

Human genetics explains how genes can influence behavior, emotions, and mental health. It also shows how a person’s genetic code can shape physical traits and the risk of disease. Each individual carries a unique set of genes, so the effects can be subtle or more noticeable. Genes help direct how the brain, hormones, and cells work. These body systems are all shaped by genetic instructions, and they help produce differences in thoughts and behavior. Human genetics therefore links biology with...

genetic material

Chromosomes, DNA, and Inherited Traits

Chromosomes, DNA, and inherited traits explain how genetic information is organized in the human body. Each cell contains a nucleus, and the nucleus holds 46 chromosomes arranged in 23 pairs. These chromosomes are tightly coiled structures made of DNA, which carries the instructions passed from parents to offspring. An individual inherits one set of chromosomes from the mother through the egg and one set from the father through the sperm. This combination creates a unique genetic makeup. Of...

genetic variation

How Alleles Shape Inherited Traits

Genetic variation helps explain why individuals in the same species can look and act differently. It comes from differences in DNA sequences. This diversity matters because it helps a species survive and adapt when the environment changes. Variation starts at fertilization, when an egg and sperm cell join. Each of these cells carries 23 chromosomes, so the fertilized egg can have up to 46 chromosomes. Chromosomes are long DNA strands that contain genes, which are the basic units of heredity. <br...

behavioral genetics and its designs

How Behavior Genetics Studies Inheritance

Behavior genetics studies how inherited genes influence human behavior. It looks at how genes passed from parents to offspring help shape behavioral traits and tendencies. The field also examines how inherited factors and environmental influences work together. Researchers use family studies, twin studies, and adoption studies to separate genetic and environmental effects. Family studies track traits within biological families to find possible genetic patterns. They have helped identify...

organization of the brain

Brain Regions and Their Key Functions

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evolutionary psychology

Evolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior

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neuroplasticity

How the Brain Rewires Itself

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brain imaging

Brain Scanning Techniques

Brain scanning techniques help scientists and doctors see the structure and activity of the human brain. These methods support the diagnosis, study, and treatment of neurological and psychiatric disorders. The main techniques include computerized axial tomography, or CT, positron-emission tomography, or PET, magnetic resonance imaging, or MRI, functional magnetic resonance imaging, or fMRI, and transcranial magnetic stimulation, or TMS. CT scans use X-ray technology to build detailed...

the endocrine system

Endocrine Glands and Hormone Signals

The endocrine system is a network of glands that send hormone signals through the body. Hormones are chemical messengers that help control many body functions. They enter the bloodstream and travel to cells with the right receptors, or target sites, so the signal can be received. Because of this, hormone effects are widespread, unlike the more localized effects of neurotransmitters. This signaling helps the body keep a stable internal environment, called homeostasis. Several major glands...

somatosensory, motor, and association cortex

somatosensory-motor-and-association-cortex

Brain Cortex Areas for Sensation and Movement

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major hormones and their functions

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Hormones are chemical messengers made by endocrine glands. They help control body functions and keep internal conditions stable. When hormone levels shift too far up or down, normal body processes can be disrupted. Several major hormones have clear roles in the body. Oxytocin is made in the hypothalamus and released by the pituitary gland. It supports social bonding, childbirth, and lactation. Low oxytocin can affect social interaction and stress response, and it may contribute to depression.

inheritance

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heritability

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natural selection and adaptation

Adaptation in Changing Environments

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natural selection and mating preferences

Natural selection and mating preferences work together to shape how organisms survive and reproduce. Natural selection favors traits that help an organism fit its environment. Mating preferences are part of sexual selection, which influences who mates with whom and how genes are passed on. Evolutionary psychologists argue that these preferences are tied to instincts that support reproduction. For females, conception, pregnancy, and nursing create a strong need to choose mates who can offer...

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criticisms-of-the-evolutionary-perspective

Social Learning vs. Evolutionary Psychology

Social learning theory and evolutionary psychology offer two different ways to explain sexual behavior. A study in which strangers gave students compliments and then asked for casual sex showed a clear gender gap. None of the women said yes, while 70% of the men agreed. Evolutionary psychology explains this result by arguing that natural selection may have shaped women to be more selective about sexual partners. From this view, selectivity can help improve survival and reproductive success. It...

key terms and concepts

Explore how natural selection and sexual selection influence mate choice, from fertility cues and protection to age-based attraction patterns in humans.

How Selection Shapes Mate Choice | JoVE K12

JoVE Core Introduction to Psychology offers an engaging learning experience on the fundamental principles of psychology through concise video lessons. Students will explore important topics such as cognitive processes, emotional regulation, and neural mechanisms, establishing a strong foundation in the study of the mind and human behavior. This series provides an accessible and captivating approach to grasp the essential concepts of the discipline.

introduction to psychology

HS-LS4-3

Arizona Science Standards

Life Science

HS+B.L3

HS+B.L3U1.10

new-york-state-science-learning-standards

New York State Science Learning Standards

Natural Selection and Evolution

HS-LS4-1.

HS-LS4-4.

The DNA Helix

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Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

Gene Families

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Types of Genetic Transfer Between Organisms

evolutionary-relationships-through-genome-comparisons

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons

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Genome Copying Errors

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Phylogenetic Trees

Gene Duplication and Divergence

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Exon Recombination

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comparing-copy-number-variations-and-snps

Comparing Copy Number Variations and SNPs

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Analyze and interpret scientific information that common ancestry and biological evolution are supported by multiple lines of empirical evidence. Emphasis is on a conceptual understanding of the role each line of evidence (e.g., similarities in DNA sequences, order of appearance of structure during embryological development, cladograms, homologous and vestigial structures, fossil records) demonstrates as related to common ancestry and biological evolution.

HS-LS4-1

What is Natural Selection?

Natural selection is an evolutionary process in which individuals with survival-promoting traits reproduce at higher rates. These favorable traits become ...

Types of Selection

Natural selection influences the frequencies of particular alleles and phenotypes within populations in several different ways. Primarily, natural ...

Frequency-dependent Selection

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Limits to Natural Selection

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Natural Selection

Fitness
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ExpandTo prepare for the lab, set out workstations for each student pair containing 6 white, 6 black, and 13 gray 12 inch ...

Simulating Natural Selection
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Artificial Selection

Natural Selection and Adaptive Evolution
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Observing Artificial Selection in Plants
ExpandTwo weeks before beginning the pollination experiments, collect a sufficient amount of small pots with a ...

Observing Artificial Selection in Plants 
ExpandTo begin the experiment, collect five two-week old grown plants from the generation one population that ...

Natural Selection and Adaptation

Natural selection drives evolution by supporting organisms that are best adapted to their environments, enhancing their survival and reproduction rates.
...

The principle of natural selection suggests that organisms better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce.
Evolutionary ...

What is Population Genetics?

A population is composed of members of the same species that simultaneously live and interact in the same area. When individuals in a population breed, ...

Genetic Drift

Natural selection&#x2014;probably the most well-known evolutionary mechanism&#x2014;increases the prevalence of traits that enhance survival and ...

Gene Flow

Gene flow is the transfer of genes among populations, resulting from either the dispersal of gametes or from the migration of individuals.

This ...

Construct an explanation based on evidence that biological diversity is influenced by (1) the potential for a species to increase in number, (2) the heritable genetic variation of individuals in a species due to mutation and sexual reproduction, (3) competition for limited resources, and (4) the proliferation of those organisms that are better able to survive and reproduce in the environment. Emphasis is on using evidence to explain the influence each of the four factors has on number of organisms, behaviors, morphology, or physiology in terms of ability to compete for limited resources and subsequent survival of individuals and adaptation of species. Examples of evidence could include mathematical models such as simple distribution graphs or proportional reasoning.

Mutation, Gene Flow, and Genetic Drift

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Hardy-Weinberg Principle

Diploid organisms have two alleles of each gene, one from each parent, in their somatic cells. Therefore, each individual contributes two alleles to the ...

Apply concepts of statistics and probability to support explanations that populations of organisms adapt when an advantageous heritable trait increases in proportion to organisms lacking this trait. Emphasis is on analyzing shifts in numerical distribution of traits and using these shifts as evidence to support explanations for adaptations. Explanations could include basic statistical or graphical analysis.

Understanding Species and Reproductive Barriers

A species is a group of organisms that interbreed and produce fertile offspring. Typically, individuals of the same species appear similar and share ...

Formation of Species

Speciation describes the formation of one or more new species from one or sometimes multiple original species. The resulting species are discrete from the ...

Speciation Rates

Speciation can proceed at markedly different rates, and evolutionary biologists commonly describe these differences through the models of gradualism and ...

Genetics of Speciation

Speciation is the evolutionary process resulting in the formation of new, distinct species&#x2014;groups of reproductively isolated populations.The ...

Hybrid Zones

Hybrid zones are narrow regions where two closely related species interact, mate, and produce hybrids. Relative to either parent species, hybrids may ...

Extinction

The History of Life on Earth
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Diversity and Extinction during the Paleogene Epoch
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Diversity and Extinction during the Paleogene Epoch
ExpandBegin this procedure by reading the extinction reading supplement that has been printed out for ...

Evaluate evidence supporting claims that changes in environmental conditions can affect the distribution of traits in a population causing: (1) increases in the number of individuals of some species, (2) the emergence of new species over time, and (3) the extinction of other species. Emphasis is on determining cause and effect relationships for how changes to the environment such as deforestation, overfishing, application of fertilizers, drought, flood, and the rate of change of the environment affect distribution or disappearance of traits in species.

HS-LS4-5

How Selection Shapes Mate Choice

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