Gerd
Gerd - Related Videos
09:52
One Mouse, Two Cultures: Isolation and Culture of Adult Neural Stem Cells from the Two Neurogenic Zones of Individual Mice
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Cited by 154 •
2014
Here we describe a detailed protocol for the simultaneous generation of neural precursor cell cultures, as either adherent monolayers or neurospheres, from the subventricular zone and dentate gyrus of individual adult mice.
09:54
The Use of Induced Somatic Sector Analysis (ISSA) for Studying Genes and Promoters Involved in Wood Formation and Secondary Stem Development
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Cited by 5 •
2016
Here we present a protocol that facilitates the medium to high throughput functional characterization of gene and promoter constructs in tree secondary stem tissue within comparatively short time frames. It is efficient, easy to use and widely applicable to a range of tree species.
08:47
Induction of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in Mice and Evaluation of the Disease-dependent Distribution of Immune Cells in Various Tissues
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Cited by 36 •
2016
This manuscript describes the methods for induction and scoring of the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model, together with the assessment of immune cell distribution and mRNA cytokine levels in lymph nodes, spleen, blood and spinal cord using flow cytometry and quantitative PCR, respectively, at various disease phases.
10:33
A Method for Determination and Simulation of Permeability and Diffusion in a 3D Tissue Model in a Membrane Insert System for Multi-well Plates
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Cited by 26 •
2018
A method for determination of permeability in a membrane insert system for multi-well plates and in silico parameter optimization for the calculation of diffusion coefficients using simulation are presented.
07:06
Prediction of HIV-1 Coreceptor Usage (Tropism) by Sequence Analysis using a Genotypic Approach
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Cited by 16 •
2011
The prediction of the coreceptor usage of HIV-1 is required for the administration of a new class of antiretroviral drugs, i.e. coreceptor antagonists. It can be performed by sequence analysis of the env gene and subsequent interpretation through an internet based interpretation system (geno2pheno[coreceptor]).
FAQs
The lower esophageal sphincter normally helps prevent stomach contents from moving upward. In GERD, it may relax inappropriately or fail to close effectively, permitting acidic material to contact the esophageal lining. Repeated exposure can produce irritation and tissue injury, which helps explain symptoms such as heartburn, regurgitation, and chest discomfort.
Esophageal clearance helps remove material that has moved upward from the stomach. When clearance is impaired, acidic contents may remain against the esophageal lining longer, increasing the opportunity for irritation or injury. This mechanism complements lower esophageal sphincter dysfunction and helps explain why reflux can produce recurring symptoms rather than a single isolated episode.
Acidic material can irritate the esophageal lining and may be associated with several manifestations besides heartburn. Regurgitation, chest discomfort, cough, and swallowing difficulty can all occur in the clinical presentation. Because these symptoms do not form one identical pattern in every patient, their presence contributes useful information during clinical evaluation.
Symptom control and tissue protection are related but distinct clinical goals. A patient may experience heartburn, regurgitation, or chest discomfort, while repeated irritation may also produce esophagitis, meaning inflammation of the esophageal lining. Evaluating both experiences and possible injury supports treatment decisions and helps clinicians address complications rather than focusing only on immediate discomfort.
Clinical evaluation helps connect reported manifestations with the possibility of reflux-related irritation or injury. Symptoms such as heartburn, regurgitation, chest discomfort, cough, or swallowing difficulty provide important clinical information. The resulting assessment guides decisions about symptom-control measures, acid-suppressing medicines, or procedures in selected cases, while supporting more accurate diagnosis.
Management may combine lifestyle measures with acid-suppressing medicines, depending on the clinical assessment and treatment needs. Procedures are another option for selected cases rather than a universal approach. This range of strategies allows care to address recurring symptoms and, when present, protect against consequences of ongoing irritation such as esophagitis.
GERD care includes attention to possible long-term esophageal complications, including Barrett’s esophagus. Monitoring is relevant because management should extend beyond temporary symptom relief to consideration of tissue health and disease progression. Clinical follow-up can therefore support prevention or recognition of complications while maintaining focus on controlling reflux-related manifestations.