Connecting Rod
Connecting Rod - Related Videos
14:12
Rodent Identification II
0 Views •
2015
Source: Kay Stewart, RVT, RLATG, CMAR; Valerie A. Schroeder, RVT, RLATG. University of Notre Dame, IN Animal records must be accurately maintained to ensure that data collection is correct. Records range from maintaining information on cage cards to having a detailed database with all of the relevant information on each animal. The primary component of recordkeeping is the individual identification of research animals. There are a variety of methods suitable for identifying mice and rats. This...
01:23
Dietary Connections
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2019
In biological systems, most metabolic pathways are interconnected. The cellular respiration processes that convert glucose to ATP—such as glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, and the citric acid cycle—tie into those that break down other organic compounds. As a result, various foods—from apples to cheese to guacamole—end up as ATP. In addition to carbohydrates, food also contains proteins and lipids—such as cholesterol and fats. All of these organic compounds are used as energy sources to produce...
12:13
Considerations for Rodent Surgery
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2016
Source: Kay Stewart, RVT, RLATG, CMAR; Valerie A. Schroeder, RVT, RLATG. University of Notre Dame, IN The Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals1 dictates that rodent survival surgery be performed aseptically. Aseptic technique utilizes specific practices that minimize the contamination of the surgical site, including patient preparation, surgeon preparation, sterilization of instruments and other supplies, and the use of a clean and controlled environment. Presurgical planning,...
01:34
Environmental Enrichment for Rodents
0 Views •
2026
All animal procedures described here must be conducted in accordance with institutional animal ethics guidelines and approved by IACUC. All procedures must follow the principles of the 3Rs—Replacement, Reduction, and Refinement—and must be performed by trained personnel. Environmental enrichment involves objects and practices that encourage natural behaviors, improve psychological well-being, and promote better welfare in laboratory rodents. Environmental enrichment should be tailored to the...
10:08
Transcranial Electrical Brain Stimulation in Alert Rodents
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Cited by 11 •
2017
This protocol describes a surgical set-up for a permanent epicranial electrode socket and an implanted chest electrode in rodents. By placing a second electrode into the socket, different types of transcranial electrical brain stimulation can be delivered to the motor system in alert animals through the intact skull.
FAQs
Its loading changes as the piston reverses direction and the crank rotates, so the rod must withstand both tension and compression repeatedly. Strength addresses the magnitude of these forces, while stiffness limits unwanted deformation. Because the loads alternate rapidly, engineers also examine fatigue to assess whether repeated cycling could reduce durability during operation.
These analyses address different risks under changing engine loads. Strength evaluates whether the rod can carry the applied forces, stiffness considers deformation, fatigue examines damage from repeated cycles, and buckling assesses instability under compression. Considering them together helps engineers avoid a design that is strong in one condition but unreliable during reciprocating operation.
The small and big ends operate at different motion conditions: the small end follows the piston, while the big end rotates on the crankpin. Lubrication and bearing performance therefore become important design considerations at these interfaces. Evaluating them helps engineers address force transmission, rotation, durability, and the changing conditions produced by rapid engine operation.
An engineering evaluation begins by identifying the rod’s reciprocating and rotating motions and the alternating forces they create. Designers then examine strength, stiffness, fatigue, buckling, lubrication, and bearing performance. The results are related to durability, vibration, efficiency, and allowable operating speed, providing a basis for judging whether the component suits the intended machinery.
The same type of force-and-motion linkage appears in other reciprocating machinery, including compressors and pumps. In each application, the component must accommodate a reciprocating part, a rotating crank, and changing mechanical loads. The specific design assessment still centers on structural performance, motion transmission, lubrication, bearing behavior, durability, and operating conditions.
A rod’s structural behavior influences how effectively motion and force pass between the piston and crankshaft. Inadequate strength or stiffness can reduce durability, while unsuitable bearing or lubrication performance can impair operation. Design decisions therefore affect engine efficiency and vibration, as well as the allowable operating speed at which the system can function reliably.