X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy
X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy - Related Videos
09:20
X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy
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2023
Source: Faisal Alamgir, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is a technique that measures the elemental composition, empirical formula, chemical state and electronic state of the elements that exist within a material. XPS spectra are obtained by irradiating a material with a beam of X-rays while simultaneously measuring the kinetic energy and number of electrons that escape from the top several...
06:46
Applying X-ray Imaging Crystal Spectroscopy for Use as a High Temperature Plasma Diagnostic
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Cited by 4 •
2016
X-ray spectra provide a wealth of information on high temperature plasmas. This manuscript presents the operation of a high wavelength resolution spatially imaging X-ray spectrometer used to view hydrogen- and helium-like ions of medium atomic number elements in a tokamak plasma.
10:39
Measurement of X-ray Beam Coherence along Multiple Directions Using 2-D Checkerboard Phase Grating
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Cited by 10 •
2016
The measurement protocol and data analysis procedure are given for obtaining transverse coherence of a synchrotron radiation X-ray source along four directions simultaneously using a single 2-D checkerboard phase grating. This simple technique can be applied for complete transverse coherence characterization of X-ray sources and X-ray optics.
07:54
Preparing Adherent Cells for X-ray Fluorescence Imaging by Chemical Fixation
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Cited by 14 •
2015
Here, we present a protocol on how to determine the quantity and distribution of metals in a sample using synchrotron X-ray fluorescence. We focus on adherent cells, and describe the chemical fixation method to prepare this sample. We then describe how to mount and image the sample using synchrotron X-rays.
09:21
Mössbauer Spectroscopy
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2023
Source: Joshua Wofford, Tamara M. Powers, Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University Mössbauer spectroscopy is a bulk characterization technique that examines the nuclear excitation of an atom by gamma rays in the solid state. The resulting Mössbauer spectrum provides information about the oxidation state, spin state, and electronic environment around the target atom, which, in combination, gives evidence about the electronic structure and ligand arrangement (geometry) of the molecule.
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The technique compares measured electron binding energies with the elements and bonding environments present near the surface. Atoms of the same element can therefore be associated with different chemical states when their local bonding differs. This distinction helps researchers determine whether a coating, polymer functionalization, or processing step produced the intended surface chemistry.
Many bioengineering interactions begin at the material interface rather than throughout the bulk. By concentrating on the near-surface region, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy can reveal surface composition and chemical changes that may be hidden by the material’s interior. This information is especially relevant for evaluating coatings, contamination, and modifications that influence biological responses.
Incident X-rays eject core electrons from atoms, and the instrument measures the binding energies associated with those electrons. The resulting energy information identifies which elements are present and indicates their bonding environments. In bioengineering studies, these measurements provide a chemical basis for assessing whether surface processing or biological exposure altered the material interface.
Researchers can examine the surface composition and chemical states before and after a treatment, then evaluate changes in the measured binding-energy information. Differences can indicate successful polymer functionalization, coating formation, contamination, or other chemical modification. This comparison connects a processing step with the resulting near-surface chemistry rather than relying only on intended fabrication conditions.
The method supports analysis of biomaterial coatings, functionalized polymers, surface contamination, and chemical changes following biological exposure. These applications help researchers determine whether a material interface has the chemistry required for its intended use. Such evidence is useful when investigating how surface composition relates to protein interactions, cell adhesion, or device performance.
XPS supplies chemical information about the surface that can be compared with measured or observed material behavior. Researchers can use the composition and bonding information to examine whether a coating or functionalization is associated with changes in wettability, protein interactions, or cell adhesion. This linkage helps relate surface chemistry to the biological performance of a bioengineered material.