Particle Mechanics
Particle Mechanics - Related Videos
12:58
In Situ Mapping of the Mechanical Properties of Biofilms by Particle-tracking Microrheology
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Cited by 11 •
2015
Particle-tracking microrheology investigates the viscoelasticity of materials. Here, the technique is used to determine the viscoelasticity, creep compliance and effective crosslinking roles of different matrix components of a bacterial biofilm. The matrix consists of polymeric substances secreted by the bacteria and its components determine biofilm structure and mechanical properties.
10:31
Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Spectroscopic Identification of Dispersant/Particle Bonding Mechanisms in Functional Inks
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Cited by 11 •
2015
Formulation of stable, functional inks is critical to expanding the applications of additive manufacturing. In turn, knowledge of the mechanisms of dispersant/particle bonding is required for effective ink formulation. Diffuse Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (DRIFTS) is presented as a simple, inexpensive way to gain insight into these mechanisms.
16:31
Echo Particle Image Velocimetry
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Cited by 10 •
2012
An echo particle image velocimetry (EPIV) system capable of acquiring two-dimensional fields of velocity in optically opaque fluids or through optically opaque geometries is described, and validation measurements in pipe flow are reported.
11:59
High-speed Particle Image Velocimetry Near Surfaces
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Cited by 19 •
2013
A procedure for studying transient flows near boundaries using high-resolution, high-speed particle image velocimetry (PIV) is described here. PIV is a non-intrusive measurement technique applicable to any optically accessible flow by optimizing several parameter constraints such as the image and recording properties, the laser sheet properties, and analysis algorithms.
03:37
Subatomic Particles
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2020
Dalton was only partially correct about the particles that make up matter. All matter is composed of atoms, and atoms are composed of three smaller subatomic particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons. These three particles account for the mass and the charge of an atom. The Discovery of the Electron The first clue about the subatomic structure came at the end of the 19th century when J.J. Thomson discovered the electron using a cathode ray tube. This apparatus consisted of a sealed glass...
FAQs
Engineers resolve each applied force into convenient directional components, then combine those components to obtain the resultant force. Newton’s laws relate that resultant to the particle’s acceleration, so both the magnitude and direction of motion follow from the force balance. This approach simplifies angled loads, tension, friction, and other interacting forces into solvable directional relationships.
Equilibrium equations apply when acceleration is zero, meaning the resultant force must balance in the relevant directions. They allow engineers to determine unknown loads, tensions, or friction forces without first calculating motion. This is especially useful for analyzing stationary portions of structures or machines, where the objective is to establish force compatibility rather than predict a trajectory.
Kinematic constraints describe how a particle’s motion is restricted by its surroundings or by relationships within an engineering system. They connect allowable displacement, velocity, or trajectory behavior with the force analysis. Including these restrictions prevents mathematically possible but physically incompatible motion and helps engineers determine how applied forces produce motion along a prescribed path.
The particle model is appropriate when an object’s size, shape, rotational effects, and internal deformation do not materially affect the engineering result. It reduces the analysis to translational motion and applied forces. If rotation or deformation becomes important, engineers must move beyond this simplification to more advanced rigid-body analysis or another suitable model.
A practical workflow begins by identifying the applied forces and the directions relevant to the problem. Engineers resolve forces into components, form the resultant, and apply Newton’s laws when acceleration is present. If acceleration is zero, they use equilibrium equations instead. Kinematic constraints are then incorporated to relate the calculated forces to the permitted motion.
The method supports calculations involving loads, tension, friction, and trajectories across a range of systems. Applications include evaluating forces in structures and machines, predicting vehicle motion, and analyzing idealized behavior in fluid or granular systems. Its value lies in turning interacting forces into component relationships that support design calculations and engineering assessment.
Depending on the conditions, the analysis can identify the resultant force, the associated acceleration, or the force values required for equilibrium. With kinematic constraints included, it can also describe the resulting motion or trajectory. These outputs help engineers assess whether loads and motion are consistent with the intended behavior of a structure, machine, vehicle, or related system.