Corneal Marking
Corneal Marking - Related Videos
08:23
The Bionic Clicker Mark I & II
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Cited by 2 •
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A device was created to demonstrate electromyography-based control to a lay audience. After the success of the initial device, a second device was made with greater flexibility in functionality for demonstration and research purposes. This protocol describes the process of building and calibrating both devices.
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Bone Markings
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2025
Bones have various surface features that help form joints and attach to other soft tissues. Depending on the function, bone markings are categorized into articulating projections, processes for attachment, depressions, and openings. Articulating Projections Articulating projections are found where two bones meet to form a joint. These structures are usually found at the ends of bones. The largest articulation is a rounded projection called the head, supported by a narrow neck at the ends of...
08:37
Corneal Donor Tissue Preparation for Endothelial Keratoplasty
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Cited by 31 •
2012
Endothelial corneal transplantation is a surgical technique for treatment of posterior corneal diseases. Mechanical microkeratome dissection to prepare tissue results in thinner, more symmetric grafts with less endothelial cell loss and improved outcomes. Dissections can be performed at the eye bank prior to corneal transplantation surgery.
10:30
Administering and Detecting Protein Marks on Arthropods for Dispersal Research
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Cited by 12 •
2016
Proteins are often used to mark arthropods for dispersal research. Methods for administering internal and external protein marks on arthropods are demonstrated. Protein mark detection techniques, either through indirect or sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), are also illustrated.
07:29
Three Different Protocols of Corneal Collagen Crosslinking in Keratoconus: Conventional, Accelerated and Iontophoresis
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Cited by 30 •
2015
Corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) is the only conservative treatment currently available to halt keratoconus progression by improving the biomechanical rigidity of the corneal stroma. The aim of this manuscript is to highlight the methods of three different protocols of CXL: conventional CXL (C-CXL), accelerated CXL (A-CXL), and iontophoresis CXL (I-CXL).
FAQs
Corneal marking provides a visible orientation reference that remains available when the eye rotates during surgery. Clinicians can compare the marked corneal meridian with the intended surgical axis, incision site, or implant position instead of relying only on the eye’s position at a single moment. This supports more accurate alignment during refractive and cataract procedures.
Meridians and anatomical landmarks establish the eye’s orientation before treatment begins. Referencing these structures helps clinicians place limbal relaxing incisions or align a toric intraocular lens with the planned astigmatism-correcting axis. Accurate orientation matters because the effectiveness of these interventions depends on positioning the treatment or implant according to preoperative measurements.
Preoperative measurements identify the intended treatment axis or implant position that the marks must represent. Clinicians use this information together with anatomical landmarks to transfer the planned orientation onto the corneal surface. The resulting reference helps connect preoperative planning with intraoperative decisions, reducing reliance on visual estimation when positioning an incision or toric implant.
The choice between temporary and permanent marks depends on how long the reference is needed for the planned ophthalmic procedure. Temporary marks can guide alignment during the intervention, while permanent marks provide a lasting reference when required. In either case, the purpose is to preserve a reliable orientation for diagnosis, treatment, or surgical alignment.
A clinician first identifies the relevant anatomical landmarks or reviews the preoperative measurements, then marks the corneal meridian and planned incision or implant position. During the procedure, those references guide alignment despite eye rotation. The marks help standardize intraoperative decisions and connect the planned axis with the actual placement of an incision or implant.
Corneal marking is used when astigmatism management requires accurate positioning of a limbal relaxing incision or toric intraocular lens. The marks indicate the intended meridian or implant axis so the intervention can be aligned with the preoperative plan. This application is particularly relevant to refractive and cataract surgery, where orientation contributes to treatment precision.
By supporting accurate incision and implant orientation, corneal reference marks can improve the consistency of surgical alignment. They also help clinicians make standardized intraoperative decisions rather than depending solely on the eye’s position or visual estimation. In refractive and cataract surgery, this greater precision may contribute to more consistent postoperative visual outcomes.