Square Pulse Stimulator

A square pulse stimulator is an electronic device that delivers controlled rectangular electrical pulses for biological measurement, stimulation, or therapy. It works by switching voltage or current rapidly between defined levels, while adjustable pulse amplitude, duration, frequency, and polarity determine the delivered stimulus and its effect on excitable tissues. In medicine, square pulse stimulators support experiments on nerve and muscle responses, physiological testing, and the development or evaluation of electrotherapy protocols. Because they provide repeatable timing and intensity, these instruments help researchers compare responses across conditions and refine electrical stimulation methods for clinical and laboratory use.

Square Pulse Stimulator - Related Videos

Research

JoVE Journal - Neuroscience
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Transcranial Pulse Stimulation for Alzheimer's Patients

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2025

This article describes the procedure of transcranial pulse stimulation in patients with Alzheimer's disease. It discusses the indications, methodology, and future prospects in detail.

Research

JoVE Journal - Neuroscience

Combining Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and fMRI to Examine the Default Mode Network

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Cited by 17 •

2010

In this article, we examine the methodology and considerations relevant to the combination of TMS and fMRI to examine the effects of brain stimulation on the default network.

Education

JoVE Core - Anatomy and Physiology

Pulse

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2024

When the heart pumps blood out, arterial elastic fibers play a crucial role in sustaining a high-pressure gradient. They expand to accommodate the received blood and then recoil - a process known as the pulse that can be either manually palpated or electronically quantified. Despite a reduction in its effect with increased distance from the heart, elements of the pulse's systolic and diastolic components persist, observable even at the arteriole level. The pulse serves as a clinical indicator...

Root Mean Square

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2023

If in an experiment, data values have a probability of being both positive and negative, neither the arithmetic mean, the geometric mean, nor the harmonic mean can be used to calculate the central tendency of the data set. In particular, if the positive and negative values are equally likely, the arithmetic mean is close to zero. For example, consider the velocity of gas molecules in a container. The gas molecules are moving in different directions, which might impart positive and negative...

Punnett Squares

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2021

A Punnett square displays the possible genotypes offspring can inherit from two parental genotypes. If a trait’s inheritance pattern (e.g., dominant or recessive) is known, Punnett squares can also be used to determine the probability of inheriting a phenotype. Punnett squares are applicable in situations where trait inheritance is determined by a single gene locus and traits are independently inherited. However, they cannot predict trait probabilities for more complex genetic inheritance...

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