Cortical Plate Development
Cortical Plate Development - Related Videos
16:33
Functional Calcium Imaging in Developing Cortical Networks
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Cited by 32 •
2011
Spontaneous activity of developing neuronal networks can be measured using AM-ester forms of calcium-sensitive indicator dyes. Changes in intracellular calcium, indicating neuronal activation, are detected as transient changes in indicator fluorescence with one- or two-photon imaging. This protocol can be adapted for a range of developmentally-dependent neuronal networks in vitro.
13:47
Ex utero Electroporation and Whole Hemisphere Explants: A Simple Experimental Method for Studies of Early Cortical Development
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Cited by 14 •
2013
This protocol describes an improved explant procedure that involves ex utero electroporation, dissection and culture of entire cerebral hemispheres from the embryonic mouse. The preparation facilitates pharmacological studies and assays of gene function during early cortical development.
06:53
A Rat Tibial Growth Plate Injury Model to Characterize Repair Mechanisms and Evaluate Growth Plate Regeneration Strategies
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Cited by 22 •
2017
The growth plate is a cartilaginous region in children's long bones where longitudinal growth occurs. When injured, bony tissue can form and impair growth. We describe a rat model of growth plate injury that leads to bony repair tissue, allowing the study of repair mechanisms and growth plate regeneration strategies.
11:25
Isolation and Culture of Mouse Cortical Astrocytes
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Cited by 460 •
2013
Astrocytes have been recognized to be versatile cells participating in fundamental biological processes that are essential for normal brain development and function, and central nervous system repair. Here we present a rapid procedure to obtain pure mouse astrocyte cultures to study the biology of this major class of central nervous system cells.
09:47
Isolation of Cerebrospinal Fluid from Rodent Embryos for use with Dissected Cerebral Cortical Explants
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Cited by 20 •
2013
The ventricular cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) bathes the neuroepithelial and cerebral cortical progenitor cells during early brain development in the embryo. Here we describe the method developed to isolate ventricular CSF from rodent embryos of different ages in order to investigate its biological function. In addition, we demonstrate our cerebral cortical explant dissection and culture technique that allows for explant growth with minimal volumes of culture medium or CSF.
FAQs
In the developing cortex, earlier-born neurons settle in deeper positions, while later-born neurons migrate past them toward the surface. This inside-out sequence progressively builds distinct layers rather than placing cells randomly. Its importance lies in establishing the ordered architecture required for the cerebral cortex to support increasingly complex brain functions.
The ventricular and subventricular zones contain neural progenitor cells that divide to generate new neurons. Their production of successive neuronal populations supplies the cells that later migrate into the cortical plate. Coordinating progenitor division with neuronal movement is therefore essential for achieving the correct number, timing, and arrangement of cortical cells.
Radial glial fibers provide a pathway that young neurons follow as they move from their sites of generation toward the developing cortical plate. This guided migration allows neurons to reach appropriate positions and participate in the ordered layering process. Disruption of this coordination could alter cortical organization and the formation of developing circuits.
After neurons reach their positions, differentiation and maturation help them acquire specialized characteristics and become integrated into developing circuits. These processes extend organization beyond simple cell placement: neurons must develop appropriately and connect with one another as the cortex takes shape. Their coordination supports the structural foundation for later higher brain functions.
Cortical plate development provides a framework for examining how disrupted progenitor activity, neuronal migration, layering, differentiation, or circuit integration might affect brain formation. Comparing normal developmental organization with altered patterns can help researchers investigate the origins of neurodevelopmental disorders. The approach links cellular events during embryonic development with later abnormalities in cortical structure or function.
Knowledge of normal cortical plate development helps guide interpretation of cerebral organoid models, which are used to study aspects of cortical formation. Researchers can examine whether organoid tissues reproduce features such as progenitor activity, neuronal positioning, layered organization, and maturation. These comparisons make organoids useful for investigating developmental mechanisms and disease-related changes in a controlled model.