Newborn Exam
Newborn Exam - Related Videos
20:06
The Comprehensive Infant Examination
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2023
Source: Heather Collette and Jaideep Talwalkar; Yale School of Medicine The newborn exam is important in establishing a baby's baseline health status as they enter the world. Newborn providers have the unique opportunity to evaluate a patient for the very first time. They are also tasked with identifying congenital anomalies that require early intervention to promote a long and healthy life for the child. Many newborn anomalies, such as heart defects, are noted on prenatal ultrasound. However,...
07:18
Primary Culture of Hippocampal Neurons from P0 Newborn Rats
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Cited by 63 •
2008
The dissection and growth of cells from an individual brain area facilitates investigation of cellular and physiological parameters. We describe a method for primary cell culturing that produces neuron-enriched cultures in a serum-free environment.
02:53
Electrophysiological Recordings of Brainstem-Spinal Cord Preparations from a Newborn Rodent
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2025
This video demonstrates electrophysiological recordings of isolated brainstem-spinal cord preparations from newborn rodents. The preparation is placed in a recording chamber, and the inspiratory bursts from the brainstem are recorded under oxygenated and oxygen-deprived conditions using the fourth ventral nerve root in the spinal cord.
07:44
Ophthalmoscopic Examination
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2023
Source: Richard Glickman-Simon, MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, MA The simplest ophthalmoscopes consist of an aperture to look through, a diopter indicator, and a disc for selecting lenses. The ophthalmoscope is primarily used to examine the fundus, or the inner wall of the posterior eye, which consists of the choroid, retina, fovea, macula, optic disc, and retinal vessels (Figure 1). The spherical eyeball...
09:47
Differentiation of Newborn Mouse Skin Derived Stem Cells into Germ-like Cells In vitro
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Cited by 9 •
2013
In recent years the formation of germ cells using in vitro culture methods has been demonstrated using several different types of somatic stem cells. This article will visually present the differentiation of newborn mouse derived stem cells to early oocyte-like cells.
FAQs
Apgar scoring organizes early observations of the infant’s transition into a concise clinical assessment. Clinicians use the findings, together with breathing, color, activity, tone, and vital signs, to recognize infants who may need immediate support. Because the score reflects an early clinical state, subsequent examinations remain important for identifying changes after the initial assessment.
A single examination provides an initial picture, but the newborn’s condition can change during the neonatal period. Repeated assessments allow clinicians to compare breathing, color, activity, tone, feeding, vital signs, and physical findings over time. This ongoing comparison can reveal emerging problems and help determine whether monitoring, diagnostic testing, counseling, or treatment should change.
Gestational-age assessment supplies developmental context for the physical findings observed during examination. It helps clinicians interpret the infant’s overall status alongside vital signs, activity, tone, feeding, reflexes, and organ-system findings. This context supports more informed monitoring and follow-up, particularly when examination results raise concern about the infant’s transition or development.
The examination looks for physical findings that may indicate birth injuries or congenital abnormalities while also assessing reflexes and organ systems. Clinicians integrate these observations with the infant’s breathing, color, activity, tone, feeding, and vital signs rather than relying on one isolated sign. Concerning findings can prompt diagnostic testing, closer monitoring, and timely treatment.
The assessment begins with observation of the infant’s immediate condition, including breathing, color, activity, tone, vital signs, and feeding. Clinicians then perform a systematic head-to-toe examination covering reflexes, organ systems, gestational age, birth injuries, and congenital abnormalities. Repeating relevant observations during the neonatal period helps track changes and guide subsequent care.
Clinicians repeat examinations when ongoing observation is needed during the neonatal period or when earlier findings require reassessment. They compare current breathing, color, activity, tone, feeding, vital signs, reflexes, and physical findings with the initial evaluation. Changes can influence monitoring, the need for diagnostic testing, parent counseling, and treatment decisions.
Findings from the examination give clinicians a basis for explaining the infant’s current condition, expected monitoring, and any concerns requiring further evaluation. Parent counseling can incorporate observations, Apgar scoring, gestational-age assessment, and changes found on repeated examinations. Clear communication helps connect clinical findings with decisions about testing, treatment, and continued newborn care.
Beyond identifying infants needing immediate support, the examination creates information for continued neonatal care. Results can guide observation, diagnostic testing, parent counseling, and timely treatment when abnormalities or changing conditions appear. The head-to-toe findings also provide a clinical record of reflexes, organ systems, gestational age, feeding, and possible birth-related concerns.