Cattle Manure
Cattle Manure - Related Videos
11:10
Cryopreservation of Preimplantation Embryos of Cattle, Sheep, and Goats
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Cited by 23 •
2011
Preimplantation embryos may be cryopreserved after placement into a hypertonic cryoprotective solution to cause cellular dehydration. After equilibration, ice crystal formation is induced in the solution surrounding the embryo. Further dehydration occurs as the embryo is slowly cooled to subzero temperatures before plunging into liquid nitrogen for storage.
15:57
Application of Long-term cultured Interferon-γ Enzyme-linked Immunospot Assay for Assessing Effector and Memory T Cell Responses in Cattle
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Cited by 13 •
2015
Long-term cultured interferon-γ enzyme-linked immunospot assay is used as a measure of central memory responses and correlates with protective anti-mycobacterial vaccine responses. With this assay, peripheral blood mononuclear cells are stimulated with mycobacterial antigens and interleukin-2 for 14 days, enabling differentiation and expansion of central memory T cells.
14:34
Biocontained Carcass Composting for Control of Infectious Disease Outbreak in Livestock
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Cited by 10 •
2010
Using readily available materials, this biocontained composting system enables effective on-site disposal of large animal carcasses arising in the event of infectious disease outbreak. This procedure kills most infectious agents in carcasses and contaminated manure. Once infectious agent is confirmed non-viable, mature compost can be spread as fertilizer.
12:08
The Use of Traditional Fear Tests to Evaluate Different Emotional Circuits in Cattle
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Cited by 6 •
2020
Here, we present a protocol to conduct a variety of behavioral tests in cattle that have been designed to evaluate emotions. A battery of behavioral tests (open field test, startle test, bovine zero maze, exit velocity, pen score, and chute score) were conducted to evaluate different components of animal temperament.
09:30
In Vitro Culture Strategy for Oocytes from Early Antral Follicle in Cattle
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Cited by 9 •
2020
We describe the procedures for isolation of growing oocytes from ovarian follicles at early stages of development, as well as the setup of an in vitro culture system which can support the growth and differentiation up to the fully-grown stage.
FAQs
Storage conditions influence how microorganisms decompose organic matter and how nutrients remain available for later use. During storage, decomposition can release ammonia and greenhouse gases, while management choices affect odors, nutrient stability, and potential pollutant movement. These changes determine whether manure remains a recoverable nutrient resource or creates greater risks for air, soil, and water quality.
Microbial decomposition breaks down organic matter, helping transform manure into a more manageable resource. However, the same process can release ammonia and greenhouse gases, and poorly controlled decomposition may intensify odors or reduce nutrient retention. Understanding this balance helps guide choices such as composting, anaerobic digestion, or other management practices intended to reduce emissions while recovering useful nutrients.
Nitrogen and phosphorus can support soil fertility when manure is managed and applied appropriately, because they provide valuable nutrients for agricultural systems. If management is inadequate, these nutrients can contribute to declines in water quality. Their environmental effect therefore depends not only on their presence, but also on storage, treatment, and the timing of land application.
Composting stabilizes organic matter through managed biological decomposition. This treatment can reduce odors and pathogens while producing a more stable material for nutrient recycling. It does not eliminate the need for responsible handling, because the resulting nutrients still require appropriate management to protect soil and water quality. Composting is therefore both a treatment option and a resource-recovery strategy.
Anaerobic digestion is a treatment approach used to stabilize cattle manure and support nutrient recovery. In the environmental context, its value includes reducing odors and emissions associated with unmanaged decomposition while converting manure into a more manageable resource. The approach is relevant when agricultural systems seek to combine waste treatment, organic-matter stabilization, and recovery of nutrients from livestock production.
Land application should be carefully timed so that manure nutrients support soil fertility while limiting risks to water quality. Management must account for the condition of the material after storage or treatment and the relationship between nutrient availability and crop or soil needs. Appropriate timing helps turn cattle manure into a useful soil amendment rather than a source of nutrient pollution.