Tumor Cytotoxicity
Tumor Cytotoxicity - Related Videos
03:13
An In Vitro Assay to Assess CAR T Cell Cytotoxicity against Tumor Spheroids
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2025
This video demonstrates an in vitro assay evaluating the cytotoxic effects of CAR T cells on 3D tumor spheroids expressing fluorescent proteins. This assessment utilizes the Annexin V red fluorescent probe, which binds to exposed phosphatidylserine residues on the outer leaflet of apoptotic cancer cells after interactions with CAR T cells. The red fluorescence emitted by the probe aids in distinguishing these cells from healthy ones emitting green fluorescence.
04:21
Isolation of Cytotoxic Neutrophils from Tumor-Bearing Mouse Blood
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2025
In this video, we demonstrate the isolation of cytotoxic high-density neutrophils and low-density neutrophils from the blood of a tumor-bearing mouse by discontinuous sucrose gradient centrifugation.
06:16
Generation of Orthotopic Pancreatic Tumors and Ex vivo Characterization of Tumor-Infiltrating T Cell Cytotoxicity
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Cited by 7 •
2019
This protocol describes the surgical generation of orthotopic pancreatic tumors and the rapid digestion of freshly isolated murine pancreatic tumors. Following digestion, viable immune cell populations can be used for further downstream analysis, including ex vivo stimulation of T cells for intracellular cytokine detection by flow cytometry.
03:00
An Assay to Evaluate Immunodominance in Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Responses
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2025
The video showcases a flow cytometry-based assay for assaying immunodominance in cytotoxic T lymphocytes or CTL responses. Injected fluorescent target cells exhibit varying fluorescence corresponding to immunogenic epitopes. Post-spleen collection and sorting reveal a reduction in high-intensity fluorescent cells, confirming immunodominance in CTL responses.
10:01
Radial Mobility and Cytotoxic Function of Retroviral Replicating Vector Transduced, Non-adherent Alloresponsive T Lymphocytes
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2015
We describe a protocol to monitor radial mobility of non-adherent immune cells in vitro using a cell sedimentation manifold/slide apparatus. Cell migration is tracked on monolayers of tumor cells or on extracellular matrix proteins. Examination by light and fluorescence microscopy allows for observation of cell mobility and cytotoxic functionality.
FAQs
Perforin and granzymes represent one of the cytotoxic pathways used by immune cells against tumor targets. Their release can induce apoptosis, or programmed cell death, in the target population. Examining this pathway helps investigators connect a measured decline in tumor-cell viability with a specific immune mechanism rather than treating every loss of viable cells as an identical response.
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells serve as distinct immune effector populations for studying abnormal-cell recognition and killing. Their activity can be evaluated by exposing tumor targets to these cells and measuring lysis, viability loss, or apoptotic changes. Comparing results from the two populations helps characterize cellular contributions to antitumor defense and tumor–immune interactions.
Death-receptor signaling provides a mechanism of tumor-cell apoptosis that differs from cytotoxic granule release. Including this pathway in interpretation prevents researchers from assuming that all immune-mediated killing depends on perforin and granzymes. It is especially relevant when an assay detects apoptotic changes but does not directly identify which cytotoxic route produced them.
These studies connect the analysis of tumor–immune interactions with broader investigations of immune responses associated with infection. The same experimental focus on abnormal targets, immune effector activity, and apoptotic outcomes can support both areas of inquiry. In Immunology and Infection, cytotoxicity measurements therefore provide a way to examine immune surveillance alongside infection-related immune responses.
A typical assay exposes tumor target cells to a selected immune effector, antibody, drug, or engineered cell system, then measures the resulting target-cell response. Investigators may quantify cell lysis, reduced viability, or apoptotic changes. The selected readout determines whether the experiment emphasizes membrane destruction, survival loss, or programmed cell death after exposure.
The assay format can incorporate cytotoxic T lymphocytes, natural killer cells, antibodies, drugs, or engineered cells as the tested effectors or therapeutic agents. Tumor cells provide the target population for measuring response. This range allows researchers to examine immune-mediated killing and therapeutic activity within a common experimental framework while selecting a readout suited to the question.
Measurements can indicate how effectively an immune effector or therapeutic agent damages tumor cells and can support evaluation of cancer immunotherapies. They also help investigate immune surveillance and tumor–immune interactions. By reporting lysis, viability loss, or apoptosis, the results provide complementary evidence about treatment effectiveness and the cellular consequences of exposure.