Alloimmunization
Alloimmunization - Related Videos
07:05
Mouse Model of Alloimmune-induced Vascular Rejection and Transplant Arteriosclerosis
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Cited by 7 •
2015
We describe a protocol for aortic interposition grafting in mice. The goal of the protocol is to provide a model with which to study pathological processes and therapeutic strategies relevant to alloimmune reactions in arteries and the resultant arterial changes that contribute to organ transplant failure.
05:40
A Mouse Aortic Interposition Model to Study Alloimmune-Induced Vascular Rejection
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2025
This video demonstrates a method for generating a mouse aortic interposition model to study alloimmune-induced vascular rejection. After placing an anesthetized donor mouse in the supine position, the infrarenal abdominal aorta (IAA) is carefully isolated from surrounding structures. Branching vessels are ligated, and both ends of the IAA are clamped to prevent blood flow before resection. Subsequently, the donor IAA is implanted into an allogeneic recipient mouse, and blood flow is restored...
07:15
Orthotopic Hind Limb Transplantation in the Mouse
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Cited by 24 •
2016
This novel model for orthotopic hind limb transplantation in the mouse, applying a non-suture cuff technique for super-microvascular anastomosis, provides a powerful tool for in vivo mechanistic immunological research related to vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA).
07:59
Murine Full-thickness Skin Transplantation
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Cited by 41 •
2017
Murine full-thickness skin transplantation is a well-established model to study rejection in an alloimmune setting. Here, we provide a tutorial of each step involved in performing a BALB/c-->C57BL/6 full-thickness skin transplant.
16:26
Regulatory T cells: Therapeutic Potential for Treating Transplant Rejection and Type I Diabetes
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Cited by 2 •
2007
FAQs
The first exposure activates antigen-specific B cells, which produce antibodies and generate immune memory. That memory means a later encounter with the same foreign antigen can trigger an established immune response rather than requiring recognition from the beginning. In transfusion care, this history matters because prior exposure may affect the safety of future donor-cell selection and compatibility decisions.
The relevant targets may be antigens on red blood cells, platelets, or tissues from another individual of the same species. This range explains why alloimmunization is not limited to blood transfusion: different clinical settings expose patients to different antigen sources. Identifying the involved antigen category helps place the immune response in the context of transfusion, pregnancy, or transplantation.
Once alloantibodies and immune memory develop, a later transfusion containing the recognized antigen can provoke an adverse immune response. In the setting of red blood cell transfusion, this may contribute to a hemolytic transfusion reaction, in which transfused cells are targeted by the recipient’s immune system. Prior sensitization therefore becomes an important consideration when evaluating future transfusion compatibility.
Some alloantibodies can cross the placenta and interact with fetal red blood cell antigens. This maternal-fetal incompatibility can contribute to hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn, making antibody identification relevant during pregnancy as well as after delivery. The mechanism connects an immune response in the pregnant individual with potential red blood cell complications in the developing fetus or newborn.
Antibody screening is used to identify alloantibodies in a patient’s blood before transfusion. The result provides information about whether the recipient has developed immune reactivity to foreign blood-cell antigens. This step supports safer care by helping clinicians recognize compatibility concerns before donor blood is selected, rather than discovering the problem only after an immune reaction occurs.
Matching donor and recipient antigens reduces the chance that transfused cells will carry antigens recognized by the recipient’s alloantibodies. In practice, screening identifies the immune concern, while matching addresses the source of potential incompatibility. Together, these measures support safer transfusion decisions and help reduce the likelihood of complications such as hemolytic transfusion reactions.
Its clinical relevance extends to pregnancy and transplantation because both settings can expose an individual to non-self antigens from another person. During pregnancy, antibodies may affect fetal or newborn red blood cells, while transplantation introduces tissue antigens that may be immunologically recognized. Considering these contexts helps clinicians interpret alloimmune risk according to the source of antigen exposure.