Name: how environment shapes gene expression
Uploaded: 2024-10-24T14:03:06.000Z
Duration: 1 min 20 s
Channel: JoVE

K12 Standards

Florida Department of Education

High School

Life Science

SC.912.L.14

SC.912.L.14.6

Gene-Environment Interactions

A expressão gênica é influenciada por fatores ambientais, como radiação, temperatura, comportamento, nutrição e estresse.
A gama de reações sugere que os genes estabelecem limites potenciais para características físicas, enquanto as condições ambientais moldam os resultados reais dentro desses limites. Por exemplo, a genética pode definir uma faixa de altura potencial, como 5'5 "a 6'1", para um indivíduo. No entanto, fatores ambientais como nutrição e saúde determinam a altura real alcançada dentro dessa faixa.
A correlação genético-ambiental destaca a influência bidirecional entre os genes e o ambiente, onde cada um influencia e responde ao outro. Por exemplo, uma criança com predisposição genética para ler pode mostrar um interesse precoce por livros, levando pais e professores a fornecer mais livros e apoio.
Na epigenética, os pesquisadores exploram como genótipos idênticos podem levar a fenótipos diversos. Gêmeos idênticos, por exemplo, têm os mesmos genes, mas podem exibir diferenças significativas em comportamentos e processos mentais, como proficiência musical ou hábitos de leitura, com base no ambiente e nas experiências de vida.

interações gene-ambiente

A expressão genética é um processo dinâmico significativamente influenciado por fatores ambientais. Essa interação fundamenta a natureza complexa do desenvolvimento biológico e as diferenças fenotípicas observadas entre indivíduos, mesmo entre aqueles com composições genéticas idênticas. Fatores como radiação, temperatura, comportamento, nutrição e estresse desempenham papéis essenciais na determinação de como os genes são expressos. O conceito de intervalo de reação é central para compreender essa interação. Ele postula que, embora a genética estabeleça os limites potenciais — como uma faixa de altura de 165 cm a 185 cm — as influências ambientais determinam onde as características de um indivíduo cairão nos intervalos desses limites.


 A teoria do intervalo de reação ilustra efetivamente que os genes definem os limites dentro dos quais os fatores ambientais operam. Por exemplo, se a genética determina uma possível faixa de altura para um indivíduo, fatores ambientais como nutrição, atividade física e saúde geral durante os anos de desenvolvimento influenciarão onde a altura real do indivíduo se encontrará dentro dessa faixa. Essa teoria destaca o papel significativo do ambiente na expressão do potencial genético.


 Essa interação é ainda mais elaborada por meio da relação genética-ambiente, que ressalta uma via bidirecional. Os genes podem influenciar a modelagem de características individuais pelo ambiente e, inversamente, as condições ambientais podem afetar a expressão genética. Um exemplo clássico disso é visto em crianças com inclinação genética para a leitura, que são mais propensas a procurar livros. Esse comportamento pode levar a um maior suporte ambiental, como maior acesso a livros e incentivo de pais e educadores, o que, por sua vez, promove maior desenvolvimento de habilidades em leitura.


 No campo da epigenética, o foco está em como códigos genéticos idênticos podem resultar em resultados muito distintos. A epigenética estuda modificações que não alteram a sequência de DNA, mas mesmo assim afetam a atividade genética. Gêmeos idênticos, por exemplo, compartilham o mesmo DNA, mas podem apresentar diferenças nos perfis de expressão genética devido a exposições ambientais e experiências de vida distintas. Essas diferenças podem levar a diversos resultados de saúde e características físicas entre gêmeos, destacando o efeito potente de fatores ambientais.


 Outro exemplo ilustrativo envolve habilidades musicais. Uma criança com disposição genética para a música, criada em um ambiente rico em experiências musicais, tem mais probabilidade de desenvolver uma proficiência maior do que uma criança sem tais oportunidades. Este cenário mostra não apenas o potencial da genética, mas também o papel poderoso do ambiente na obtenção e na extensão de possibilidades genéticas.

Interações Gene-Ambiente

A expressão gênica é influenciada por fatores ambientais, como radiação, temperatura, comportamento, nutrição e estresse.
A gama de reação sugere ...

Education

JoVE Core

Introduction to Psychology

Introdução à Psicologia

Unit 1

Unidade 1

Biopsychology

Biopsicologia

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

TERMOS E CONCEITOS-CHAVE

how environment shapes gene expression

Environmental factors can change how genes are expressed. Gene expression is a dynamic process, and traits can differ even in people with the same DNA. Radiation, temperature, behavior, nutrition, and stress all help shape the final outcome.

The reaction range helps explain this process. It means genes set a possible range for a trait, while the environment helps decide where a person falls within that range. For example, genetics may allow a height range from 5'5&quot; to 6'1&quot;, but nutrition, physical activity, and overall health during development can influence the final height.

Gene-environment correlation also plays a role. In this relationship, genes can influence the kind of environment a person seeks out, and the environment can then affect gene expression. A child with a genetic tendency toward reading may choose books more often, which can lead to more support, more access to books, and more encouragement from parents and teachers.

Epigenetics shows how the same DNA can lead to different results. It studies changes that do not alter the DNA sequence but still affect gene activity. Identical twins are a clear example because they share the same DNA, yet different environments and life experiences can lead to different gene expression patterns and different health or physical traits.

Musical ability also shows this interaction. A child with a genetic inclination for music may develop stronger skills when raised in an environment rich in musical experiences. This example shows that genetics can provide potential, but nurturing and experience can help shape how far that potential develops.

How Environment Shapes Gene Expression

introduction to biological bases of psychology

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Biological Factors Shaping Behavior and Mind

Biopsychology connects biology and psychology by showing how the body influences behavior and mental processes. It focuses on the nervous system, neurotransmitters, hormones, genetics, and evolutionary ideas. Together, these areas help explain why people think, feel, and act the way they do. The nervous system is the main foundation of biopsychology. It has two parts: the central nervous system, or CNS, and the peripheral nervous system, or PNS. The CNS includes the brain and spinal cord and...

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neurons as communicators of the brain

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behavioral genetics and its designs

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organization of the brain

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evolutionary psychology

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neuroplasticity

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the endocrine system

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Brain Cortex Areas for Sensation and Movement

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major hormones and their functions

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Hormones are chemical messengers made by endocrine glands. They help control body functions and keep internal conditions stable. When hormone levels shift too far up or down, normal body processes can be disrupted. Several major hormones have clear roles in the body. Oxytocin is made in the hypothalamus and released by the pituitary gland. It supports social bonding, childbirth, and lactation. Low oxytocin can affect social interaction and stress response, and it may contribute to depression.

inheritance

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gene-environment interactions

Environmental factors can change how genes are expressed. Gene expression is a dynamic process, and traits can differ even in people with the same DNA. Radiation, temperature, behavior, nutrition, and stress all help shape the final outcome. The reaction range helps explain this process. It means genes set a possible range for a trait, while the environment helps decide where a person falls within that range. For example, genetics may allow a height range from 5'5" to 6'1", but nutrition,...

heritability

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natural selection and adaptation

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Social learning theory and evolutionary psychology offer two different ways to explain sexual behavior. A study in which strangers gave students compliments and then asked for casual sex showed a clear gender gap. None of the women said yes, while 70% of the men agreed. Evolutionary psychology explains this result by arguing that natural selection may have shaped women to be more selective about sexual partners. From this view, selectivity can help improve survival and reproductive success. It...

key terms and concepts

Explore how nutrition, stress, behavior, and other environmental factors influence gene expression, reaction range, epigenetics, and trait development.

How Environment Shapes Gene Expression | JoVE K12

JoVE Core Introduction to Psychology offers an engaging learning experience on the fundamental principles of psychology through concise video lessons. Students will explore important topics such as cognitive processes, emotional regulation, and neural mechanisms, establishing a strong foundation in the study of the mind and human behavior. This series provides an accessible and captivating approach to grasp the essential concepts of the discipline.

introduction to psychology

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How Environment Shapes Gene Expression

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