Summary

Nucleocápside Annealing-Mediated Eletroforese (NAME) ensaio permite a identificação rápida de HIV-1 Nucleocápside Inibidores

Published: January 19, 2015
doi:
Please note that all translations are automatically generated. Click here for the English version.

Summary

Abstract

Introduction

Protocol

Representative Results

Discussion

Disclosures

The authors have nothing to disclose.

Acknowledgements

Materials

cTAR, 29-mer DNA oligo. Desalted. HPLC purified.Metabion International AGStore the stock  solution at -20 °C 
TAR, 29-mer RNA oligo. Desalted. HPLC purified.  Metabion International AGStore the stock aliquot at -80 °C 
(12-55)NC peptideEspiKem srlStore the stock solution at -20 °C
1.5 ml tubesEppendorf0030 120 086Autoclave before use
0.5 ml tubesEppendorf0030 121 023Autoclave before use
Biosphere Filter Tips 0.1-10 µlSarstedt701,130,210
Biosphere Filter Tips 2-20 µlSarstedt70,760,213
Biosphere Filter Tips 200 µlSarstedt70,760,213
Syringe Filter 0.22 µmBiosigma srl51,798
EthanolCarlo Erba414631
Sodium Dodecyl SulfateSigma-Aldrich71725-50G
Dimethyl SulfoxideSigma-AldrichD8418-1L
Sodium ChlorideSigma-Aldrich71376-1KG
Boric AcidSigma-AldrichB0252-2.5KG
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic AcidSigma-AldrichE5134-500G
Magnesium PerchlorateSigma-Aldrich222283-100GStore the 1 M solution at -20 °C
GlycerolSigma-Aldrich49770-1L
Bromophenol BlueGE Healthcare Life Sciences17-1329-01
<em>N,N,N&prime;,N&prime;</em>-TetramethylethylenediamineSigma-AldrichT9281-100ML
Ammonium PersulfateSigma-AldrichA7460-500GPrepare the 10% solution freshly before use
Acrylamide-bis ready-to-use solution 40% (19:1)Merck Millipore1006401000Polyacrylamide is highly neurotoxic: wear gloves during the gel casting
Tris ultrapureApplichemA1086,1000
DEPC-treated waterAmbionAM9922
Centrifuge 5415REppendorf22,621,408
NanoDrop 1000 spectrometerThermo Scientific
UV-VIS spectrometer Lambda 20Perkin Elmer
Protean II xi CellBio-Rad165-1803
PowerPac Basic Power SupplyBio-Rad164-5050
SybrGreen II RNA Gel StainingLonza50523Make the 1/10,000 dilution in TBE 1x. Store it in the dark at 4&nbsp;&deg;C for two weeks.
Geliance 600 Imaging SystemPerkin Elmer

References

  1. Druillennec, S., et al. A mimic of HIV-1 nucleocapsid protein impairs reverse transcription and displays antiviral activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 96, 4886-4891 (1999).
  2. Darlix, J. L., Garrido, J. L., Morellet, N., Mely, Y., de Rocquigny, H. Properties, functions, and drug targeting of the multifunctional nucleocapsid protein of the human immunodeficiency virus. Adv Pharmacol. 55, 299-346 (2007).
  3. Thomas, J. A., Gorelick, R. J. Nucleocapsid protein function in early infection processes. Virus Res. 134, 39-63 (2008).
  4. Mirambeau, G., Lyonnais, S., Gorelick, R. J. Features, processing states, and heterologous protein interactions in the modulation of the retroviral nucleocapsid protein function. RNA Biol. 7, 724-734 (2010).
  5. Zeng, Y., et al. Probing nucleation, reverse annealing, and chaperone function along the reaction path of HIV-1 single-strand transfer. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 104, 12651-12656 (2007).
  6. Basu, V. P., et al. Strand transfer events during HIV-1 reverse transcription. Virus Res. 134, 19-38 (2008).
  7. Guo, J., Henderson, L. E., Bess, J., Kane, B., Levin, J. G. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 nucleocapsid protein promotes efficient strand transfer and specific viral DNA synthesis by inhibiting TAR-dependent self-priming from minus-strand strong-stop DNA. J Virol. 71, 5178-5188 (1997).
  8. Godet, J., Mely, Y. Biophysical studies of the nucleic acid chaperone properties of the HIV-1 nucleocapsid protein. RNA Biol. 7, 687-699 (2010).
  9. Darlix, J. L., et al. Flexible nature and specific functions of the HIV-1 nucleocapsid protein. J Mol Biol. 410, 565-581 (2011).
  10. Lapadat-Tapolsky, M., Pernelle, C., Borie, C., Darlix, J. L. Analysis of the nucleic acid annealing activities of nucleocapsid protein from HIV-1. Nucleic Acids Res. 23, 2434-2441 (1995).
  11. Vo, M. -. N., Barany, G., Rouzina, I., Musier-Forsyth, K. Mechanistic studies of mini-TAR RNA/DNA annealing in the absence and presence of HIV-1 nucleocapsid protein. J Mol Biol. 363, 244-261 (2006).
  12. Beltz, H., et al. Structural determinants of HIV-1 nucleocapsid protein for cTAR DNA binding and destabilization, and correlation with inhibition of self-primed DNA synthesis. J Mol Biol. 348, 1113-1126 (2005).
  13. Mori, M., et al. Nucleocapsid Protein: a Desirable Target for Future Therapies against HIV-1. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. , .
  14. Sosic, A., et al. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of TAR and cTAR binders as HIV-1 nucleocapsid inhibitors. MedChemComm. 4, 1388-1393 (2013).
  15. Tabarrini, O., et al. Studies of Anti-HIV Transcription Inhibitor Quinolones: Identification of Potent N1-Vinyl Derivatives. Chemmedchem. 5, 1880-1892 (2010).
  16. Hagan, N., Fabris, D. Direct mass spectrometric determination of the stoichiometry and binding affinity of the complexes between nucleocapsid protein and RNA stem-loop hairpins of the HIV-1 Psi-recognition element. Biochemistry. 42, 10736-10745 (2003).
  17. Ivanyi-Nagy, R., Davidovic, L., Khandjian, E. W., Darlix, J. L. Disordered RNA chaperone proteins: from functions to disease. Cell Mol Life Sciences: CMLS. 62, 1409-1417 (2005).
  18. Zagotto, G., et al. Tuning G-quadruplex vs double-stranded DNA recognition in regioisomeric lysyl-peptidyl-anthraquinone conjugates. Bioconjug Chem. 22, 2126-2135 (2011).
  19. Carlson, C. B., Vuyisich, M., Gooch, B. D., Beal, P. A. Preferred RNA binding sites for a threading intercalator revealed by in vitro evolution. Chem Biol. 10, 663-672 (2003).
  20. Gooch, B. D., Beal, P. A. Recognition of duplex RNA by helix-threading peptides. J Am Chem Soc. 126, 10603-10610 (2004).
  21. Kanevsky, I., et al. Structural determinants of TAR RNA-DNA annealing in the absence and presence of HIV-1 nucleocapsid protein. Nucleic Acids Res. 39, 8148-8162 (2011).
Nucleocapsid Annealing-Mediated Electrophoresis (NAME) Assay Allows the Rapid Identification of HIV-1 Nucleocapsid Inhibitors

Play Video

Cite This Article
Sosic, A., Cappellini, M., Scalabrin, M., Gatto, B. Nucleocapsid Annealing-Mediated Electrophoresis (NAME) Assay Allows the Rapid Identification of HIV-1 Nucleocapsid Inhibitors. J. Vis. Exp. (95), e52474, doi:10.3791/52474 (2015).

View Video