Cortical Subcortical Tissue
Cortical Subcortical Tissue - Related Videos
03:49
Recording Cortical and Subcortical Neuronal Activity Using Electrode Systems
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2025
This video demonstrates the process of recording cortical and subcortical neuronal activity using electroencephalography (EEG) and deep brain stimulation (DBS) electrodes during an attention-based visual stimulation test.
09:00
Investigating the Function of Deep Cortical and Subcortical Structures Using Stereotactic Electroencephalography: Lessons from the Anterior Cingulate Cortex
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Cited by 3 •
2015
Stereotactic Electroencephalography (SEEG) is an operative technique used in epilepsy surgery to help localize seizure foci. It also affords a unique opportunity to investigate brain function. Here we describe how SEEG can be used to investigate cognitive processes in human subjects.
08:36
A Versatile Murine Model of Subcortical White Matter Stroke for the Study of Axonal Degeneration and White Matter Neurobiology
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Cited by 21 •
2016
Here we present methodology for the production of a focal stroke in murine white matter by local injection of an irreversible endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) inhibitor (L-Nio). Presented are two stereotactic variations, retrograde neuronal tracing, and fresh tissue labeling and dissection that expand the potential applications of this technique.
07:29
Generation of Neural Stem Cells from Discarded Human Fetal Cortical Tissue
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Cited by 19 •
2011
A simple and reliable method on isolation and culture of neural stem cells from discarded human fetal cortical tissue is described. Cultures derived from known human neurological disorders can be used for characterization of pathological cellular and molecular processes, as well as provide a platform to assess pharmacological efficacy.
09:13
Cryopreservation of Cortical Tissue Blocks for the Generation of Highly Enriched Neuronal Cultures
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Cited by 6 •
2010
Here, we describe a method for efficient cryopreservation and thawing of cortical brain tissue blocks to generate highly enriched neuronal cultures. This simple protocol provides flexibility for later generation of neuronal, astrocyte, and neuronal precursor cell cultures.
FAQs
Cortical layers organize processing within neuronal networks, whereas subcortical nuclei help relay and modulate signals among cortical regions and deeper circuits. White-matter pathways provide the connections that allow these components to operate as an integrated system. Examining all three elements helps researchers relate local cellular organization to broader patterns of perception, cognition, movement, and autonomic regulation.
Connectivity determines how activity is coordinated across cortical regions, subcortical structures, and intervening white matter. A tissue sample or image can therefore reveal more than isolated anatomy when interpreted in relation to the pathways linking regions. This network perspective is especially relevant for understanding how altered organization may affect coordinated brain functions rather than a single local process.
Comparing these tissue compartments can show whether a change is localized to cortical networks, associated with deeper nuclei, or related to connecting white-matter pathways. Such distinctions help link structural or functional alterations to affected processes, including perception, cognition, movement, or autonomic regulation. The comparison also supports models of injury, neurodegeneration, and developmental differences.
Histology examines tissue organization at the cellular level, while neuroimaging evaluates cortical and subcortical structures within the brain. Electrophysiology adds information about neural activity, and targeted sampling focuses analysis on selected regions or tissue components. Using these approaches separately or together allows researchers to connect cellular structure, anatomical organization, and functional signaling.
The appropriate approach depends on the information needed. Histology is suited to cellular structure, neuroimaging to examining cortical and subcortical organization, electrophysiology to neural activity, and targeted sampling to focused investigation of selected tissue. Combining methods can provide complementary evidence, helping researchers interpret how structural features relate to signaling and brain function.
Researchers examine cortical regions, subcortical structures, and their connecting pathways to determine how disease-related or injury-related changes alter neural networks. Histology, neuroimaging, electrophysiology, or targeted sampling can supply different levels of evidence. These findings support disease models and may inform therapeutic research by linking tissue alterations with disrupted perception, cognition, movement, or autonomic regulation.