Reflective Judgment
Reflective Judgment - Related Videos
09:20
Using fMRI to Dissect Moral Judgment
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2023
Source: William Brady & Jay Van Bavel—New York University In examining the roles of reason and emotion in moral judgments, psychologists and philosophers alike point to the trolley dilemma and the footbridge dilemma. With the trolley dilemma, most people say that it is appropriate to pull a switch to stop a train from hitting five people by diverting it to kill one person. However, with the footbridge dilemma, most people say it is inappropriate to push a large man off of a bridge in order...
08:04
Evaluating the Accuracy of Snap Judgments
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2023
Source: Diego Reinero & Jay Van Bavel—New York University Social psychologists have long been interested in the way people form impressions of others. Much of this work has focused on the errors people make in judging others, such as the exaggerated influence of central traits (such as "warm" and "cold"), the insufficient weight given to the context in which others' behavior takes place, and the tendency for people to make judgments that conform to their initial expectations about another.
13:59
Reflection and Refraction
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2023
Source: Derek Wilson, Asantha Cooray, PhD, Department of Physics & Astronomy, School of Physical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA Light travels at different speeds depending on the material through which it is propagating. When light travels from one material to another, it will either slow down or speed up. In order to conserve energy and momentum, the light must change the direction in which it propagates. This bending of light is known as refraction. Some fraction of the...
02:57
The Sense of Self: Reflected Self-Appraisal and Social Comparison
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2020
According to Charles Cooley, we base our image on what we think other people see (Cooley 1902). We imagine how we must appear to others, then react to this speculation. We don certain clothes, prepare our hair in a particular manner, wear makeup, use cologne, and the like—all with the notion that our presentation of ourselves is going to affect how others perceive us. We expect a certain reaction, and, if lucky, we get the one we desire and feel good about it. But more than that, Cooley...
08:12
A Psychophysics Paradigm for the Collection and Analysis of Similarity Judgments
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Cited by 3 •
2022
The protocol presents an experimental psychophysics paradigm to obtain large quantities of similarity judgments, and an accompanying analysis workflow. The paradigm probes context effects and enables modeling of similarity data in terms of Euclidean spaces of at least five dimensions.
FAQs
Reflective judgment gives separate attention to two questions: how trustworthy the available evidence is and whether it actually bears on the claim. A large amount of information may still be weak or irrelevant. Considering both dimensions helps a person compare explanations on their evidential support rather than choosing the answer that appears most certain or familiar.
When evidence is incomplete or changing, a conclusion functions as a justified but revisable position, not a permanent fact. This stance allows new information to alter the judgment without treating every interpretation as equally credible. In psychology, that balance is central to studying how people manage uncertainty while still making decisions and defending their reasoning.
Metacognitive awareness strengthens reflective judgment by directing attention to the basis of one's own reasoning. A person can examine what evidence was used, whether competing explanations were considered, and how strongly the conclusion is justified. Instruction and experience may influence this awareness, making it relevant to developmental research on changes in critical thinking and evidence use.
An analysis can begin by stating the knowledge claim and identifying what makes the problem ill structured. The evaluator then reviews the available evidence, judges its quality and relevance, compares competing explanations, and states why one conclusion is better supported. The final judgment should also indicate what uncertainty remains and what new evidence could prompt revision.
In educational settings, the concept can guide tasks that ask learners to defend conclusions rather than merely select answers. Such tasks can make their treatment of incomplete evidence, competing explanations, and uncertainty visible. Researchers can then examine how instruction relates to metacognitive awareness and the quality of reasoning about problems that do not have definitive solutions.
Psychologists apply reflective judgment to questions about critical thinking, decision-making, and responsible evidence use. It is especially informative when a problem permits interpretation and the available information may change. Examining the justification behind a conclusion, rather than only whether the conclusion is correct, helps connect observable reasoning with epistemic cognition.